be an r combination from n, Moser and Abramson [17] used the terms differences for the quantities dj = xJ+l -Xj, j = 1, 2,..., r -1, span for d = xr-xl, and cospan for n -d. It is clear that dj-l is, for j 1,2, . . . , r l , the number of integers, from {1,2,...,«}, which lie "between" Xj and xJ+l. Similarly, (n-d)-l is the number of integers from xr clockwise to xY. To the r-combination (1.1) ...

Stereo x-ray radiography attracts increasing attention in major clinical applications. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the 3D localization error for breast biopsy procedures and provide guidelines for improving its accuracy. Our prototype is a CCD based digital stereo x-ray imaging system. The mathematical model consists of two x-ray sources and one stationary detector plane. A closed f...

The ability to detect wires is an important capability of the cabinet x-ray imaging systems that are used in aviation security as well as the portable x-ray systems that are used by domestic law enforcement and military bomb squads. A number of national and international standards describe methods for testing this capability using the so called useful penetration test metric, where wires are im...

Radiographic Testing (RT) is widely used in industries, at airport for security checks, medical applications etc. to detect anomalies in materials and human bodies. Radiographic Testing is the common NDT methods used in the construction and fabrication industries for the oil & gas sectors using welding, gas/liquid transmission pipelines, casting foundries, and condition monitoring in existing o...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate spinal radiographic damage over time and to explore the associations of radiographic progression with patient characteristics and clinical assessments including disease activity in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients treated with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) blocking therapy in daily clinical practice. METHODS Consecutive outpatients from the Groningen Leeuwarde...

INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of basic root canal treatment (BRT) with tactile working length determination in terms of radiographic and clinical outcome parameters compared with endodontic treatment with standard radiographic working length control. METHODS This was a clinical, multicenter, controlled, open-label trial to evaluate BRT effectivene...