This study investigates neural processes underlying audiovisual perception of a non-native vowel contrast using fMRI. Eight native Japanese and eight native English speakers participated in the study. The two-alternative forced choice task was to identify which vowel was present in the CVC English word presented under audiovisual (AV) and audio only (AO) conditions. Three sessions were conducte...

T cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetes in the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse. CD8 cytotoxic T cell lines and clones were generated from the lymphocytic infiltrate in the islets of Langerhans of young (7-wk-old). NOD mice by growing them on (NOD x B6-RIP-B7-1)F1 islets. These cells proliferate specifically to NOD islets and kill NOD islets in vitro. The cells are restricte...

The NOD mouse has been a critical tool in the quest to understand the genetic control of type 1 diabetes (T1D), and over 25 murine insulin-dependent diabetes (Idd) loci that modulate the natural history of T1D have been identified (1). Several of the candidate genes identified in NOD mice also play a role in human T1D, suggesting that dysregulated immune pathways in NOD may closely resemble tho...

Abstract Supercritical CO2 (sCO2) power cycles have gained prominence for their expected excellent performance and compactness. Among benefits, they may potentially reduce the cost of Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) plants. Because critical temperature is close to ambient temperatures in areas with good solar irradiation, dry cooling penalise efficiency sCO2 CSP Recent research has investigated ...

The NOD mouse spontaneously develops autoimmune diabetes. Dendritic cells (DC) play a crucial role in the autoimmune response. Previous studies have reported a defective DC generation in vitro from the NOD mouse bone marrow (BM), but a deviated development of myeloid precursors into non-DC in response to GM-CSF was not considered. In this study, we demonstrate several abnormalities during myelo...

Nodularin (NOD) is greatly produced by Nodularia spumigena and released into the environment when toxic cyanobacterial blooms happened in natural water body, which is seriously harmful to human and animals. The promising bacterial strain of Sphingopyxis sp. USTB-05 was found to have an ability in biodegrading NOD. Initially, 11.6 mg/L of NOD could be completely eliminated within 72 h by whole c...

We investigated the role of Smad4, a signaling molecule of the TGF-beta pathway, in T cells on the pathology of Sjögren's syndrome (SS) in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice, an animal model of SS. T cell-specific Smad4-deleted (Smad4fl/fl,CD4-Cre; Smad4 tKO) NOD mice had accelerated development of SS compared with wild-type (Smad4+/+,CD4-Cre; WT) NOD mice, including increased lymphocyte infiltration...

Programmed cell death represents an important pathogenic mechanism in various autoimmune diseases. Type I diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is a T cell-dependent autoimmune disease resulting in selective destruction of the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans. beta cell apoptosis has been associated with IDDM onset in both animal models and newly diagnosed diabetic patients. Several apoptotic pathways...

Neonatal studies in different mouse strains reveal that early life colonization affects the development of adaptive immunity in mice. The nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse spontaneously develops autoimmune diabetes, but neonatal studies of NOD mice are lacking. We hypothesized that NOD mice deviate from another much used mouse strain, C57BL/6, with respect to postnatal microbiota and/or hematopoies...