Much effort has been expended in recent decades in addressing the problem of heat transfer in Rayleigh-Bénard (RB) thermal convection cells. There is increasing agreement that in general there are no clean scaling laws for Nu(Ra, Pr) and Re(Ra, Pr), apart from asymptotic cases. One of these asymptotic cases has been doped the ultimate state of thermal convection, i.e. Ra → ∞, where the heat flu...

We measured the elastic constants (C11 − C12)/2 and C44 of non-Kramers system Y0.63Pr0.37Ir2Zn20 (Pr-37% system) by means ultrasound to check how single-site quadrupolar Kondo effect is modified increasing Pr concentration. The Curie-like softening present Pr-37% on cooling from 5 1 K can be reproduced a multipolar susceptibility calculation based Γ3 doublet crystalline-electric-field ground st...

Measurements of the temperature distribution were performed in the upper (cold) boundary layer of a rectangular Rayleigh-Bénard cell with aspect ratios Gamma(x) = 5 and Gamma(y) = 1 using air with Prandtl number Pr = 0.71 as the working fluid. The range of investigated Rayleigh numbers was from Ra approximately 6 x 10(7) to Ra approximately 6 x 10(8), and the measurements were taken at two diff...

We study the stability of steady convection rolls in two-dimensional Rayleigh–Bénard with free-slip boundaries and horizontal periodicity over 12 orders magnitude Prandtl number $(10^{-6} \leq Pr 10^6)$ 6 Rayleigh $(8{\rm \pi} ^4 < Ra 10^8)$ . The analysis is facilitated by partitioning our modal expansion into so-called even odd modes. With aspect ratio $\varGamma = 2$ , we observe that zon...

Following the first (1991-1993) and the second (1994-1996) TRMM PR teams, and the third international TRMM PR team (1997-2000), the fourth international TRMM PR team (2001-2003) started its job in 2001 based on the NRA-99-OES-03 in 1999 and NASDA-3rd RA-TRMM in 2000. In April 2004, the fourth international TRMM PR team completed the revisions of the standard algorithms to version 6. NASA and JA...

The effect of imperfectly conducting bounding plates on the heat transport in turbulent thermal convection in the Rayleigh-Bénard problem is considered in the context of analytical upper bounds. Beginning with the evolution equations in the fluid in the Boussinesq approximation, coupled through temperature and flux continuity to identical upper and lower conducting plates with diffusive heat fl...

Heat recovery from hot fluids in material processing industries is important for environmental and thermal management. Present work involves numerical visualization of heat flow in entrapped cavities filled with hot materials. The concept of heatline is used to visualize the heat energy trajectory. The system involves entrapped triangular cavities filled with hot fluid (Pr = 0.015, 0.026, 0.7 a...

The radical yield in the electron t ransfer reactions between thionine tr iplet and various halogenanilines, as measured by kinetic flash spectroscopy in the microsecond time region, decreases by application of magnetic fields up to 4 kGauss . The relative magnetic field effect parallels the influence of the heavy atom substi tuents on the intersystem crossing ra te constant in the triplet exci...