In the rat, subunits of the glutamate receptor family fall into three pharmacologically distinct groups: alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid preferring receptors (Glu R1-4), kainate preferring receptors (Glu R5-7, KA 1, KA 2), and N-methyl-D-aspartate preferring receptors (NMDA R1, NMDA R2A-2D). In the present study, we demonstrate immunocytochemically that the majority of...

The reduction of pre-enkephalin (pENK) mRNA expression might be an early sign of striatal neuronal dysfunction in Huntington's disease (HD), due to mutated huntingtin protein. Indeed, striatopallidal (pENK-containing) neurodegeneration occurs at earlier stage of the disease, compare to the loss of striatonigral neurons. However, no data are available about the functional role of striatal pENK i...

Of the six structures presented here, five involve clearly defined hydrophilic layers built up from classical hydrogen bonding systems. Of three solvent-free structures, 2,4and 3,5-dichloroanilinium chlorides both form ribbon structures involving annelated R4(8) rings with NH2 donors (two hydrogen atoms from the positively charged NH3 groups) and chloride acceptors. The ribbons are linked by we...

To study effects of salicylic acid (SA) treatments (0, 0.5, 1 and 2 mM) in two forms of seed priming (for 24 h) and spraying on seedling at 4-6 leaf stage an experiment was conducted on periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus Don.) with and without exposure to a mild cold stress of 8 °C (for 32 h). Seeds were sown in trays containing peat-based substrate (with 20% sandy loam field soil). Transplants of...

Timing, intensity, and frequency of biomass removal PREDICTING YIELD LOSS IN affects soybean yield. Yield reduction is less sensitive INDETERMINATE SOYBEAN FROM to biomass removal during vegetative growth because soybean can develop new leaf area that can compensate POD DENSITY USING SIMULATED for temporarily reduced assimilatory capacity. Singer DAMAGE STUDIES (2001) reported that yield reduct...

The performance of hemp seedlings was evaluated through morphological traits, photosynthetic pigments, and osmolytes under 11 light treatments (10 LED compositions + natural light) in an aeroponics system. were brought treatment at 25 days age, where the intensity 300 µmol m−2s−1 duration 20 days. A higher leaf number node observed L10 (R4:B2:W2:FR1:UV1) L11 (R2:B2:G2:W2:FR1:UV1), a length widt...

250 words) A single exposure to menthol can, depending on concentration, enhance both cool sensations and encourage body heat storage. This study tested whether there is an habituation in either response after repeated-daily exposures. Twenty-two participants were assigned to one of three spray groups: Control (CON; n=6), 0.05% l-menthol (M0.05%; n=8), 0.2% lmenthol (M0.2%; n=8). On Monday (20°...

Huntington's disease (HD) is caused by the expansion of a CAG repeat in the huntingtin (HTT) gene. The R6 mouse models of HD express a mutant version of exon 1 HTT and typically develop motor and cognitive impairments, a widespread huntingtin (HTT) aggregate pathology and brain atrophy. Unlike the more commonly used R6/2 mouse line, R6/1 mice have fewer CAG repeats and, subsequently, a less rap...