Suppose we continue to consider our two systems, and ask what happens if we allow them to exchange volume as well as energy? (We’re placing them in mechanical as well as thermal contact.) Again, the total entropy must be a maximum with respect to exchanges of energy and exchanges of volume. Working through similar mathematics, we find an expression for the change in total entropy and insist tha...

an efficient one pot multi component synthesis of 1, 4-polyhydroquinoline derivatives through unsymmetrical hantzsch reaction using lanthanum chloride heptahydrate (lacl3.7h2o) from an aromatic aldehyde, ethyl acetoacetate, dimedone and ammonium acetate as a nitrogen precursor in ethanol at room temperature is described. in the present work we report lanthanum chloride heptahydrate remarkably n...

a series of curcumin derivatives containing heterocyclic moiety have been synthesized and evaluated for their antibacterial activities. the chemical structures of the synthesized compounds were verified on the basis of spectral data and elemental analyses. investigation of antimicrobial activity of the derivatives demonstrated the ability to inhibit gram-positive microorganisms with zone of inh...

a simple, fast, efficient and environmentally friendly method for synthesis of benzimidazole and its 2-alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl substituted derivatives was developed using zeolite hy. two component cyclolcondensation of 1,2-phenylenediamine (o-phenylenediamine) and commercially available carboxylic acids catalyzed by zeolite hy without any solvent, under microwave irradiation led to formation...

based on the molecular modeling studies on two major families of anxiolytics and sedative hypnotics (benzodiazepines and barbiturates) a series of phthalimide derivatives were prepared from corresponding di-methyl phthalate derivatives in two steps, namely trans-amidification and ring closer of di-methyl phthalate with urea and base catalysed condensation of 4-bromobenzyl chloride and benzoyl c...

this study presents the influence of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (hpbcd) on the aqueous solubility of acyl esters of cyproterone. first, a number of esters of cyproterone were synthesized. then the phase solubility analysis of the compounds in the presence of hpbcd was investigated in phosphate buffer solution at a ph of 7.4. to gain a better understanding of the complexation mechanism, the sy...

this research was conducted to estimate the amount of microbial protein synthesis in iranian buffaloes' rumen. four male swamp buffaloes with average live body weight of 140±10 kg were used in this study. four diets of 0 (control diet, 100% forage), 15, 30 and 45% concentrate in a 4 × 4 latin square were tested. the results indicated that by increasing the concentrate level in the diet of swamp...

some n¬-acyl-n'-aryl thiourea derivatives 4(a-f) have been prepared by the reaction of acyl halides ammonium thiocyanate and aryl amines. the structures of synthesized compounds have been characterized by ir, 1hnmr spectral studies. the synthesized compounds 5(a-f) have been screened for antibacterial activity. the effect of the structure of the investigated compounds on the antibacterial activ...