Steroid-based receptors with enclosed binding sites, formed from quaternary ammonium and macrocyclic bis-urea units, can substantially override the Hofmeister series in anion phase transfer experiments.

Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs, quats) belong to organic ionic chemical agents which display unique properties of both surfactants and disinfectants. Their wide distribution in the work environment and also in private households brings about new occupational hazards. This paper reviews reports about the health effects of QACs. QACs could play a role of sensitizers and irritants to the skin...

In the present study, a fine ultrastructural localization of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) was attempted, using d-tubocurarine (d-TC), a quaternary ammonium compound binding to nAChR. The localization was based on the binding avidity of immunoglobulin G (IgG) for acetylcholine (ACh) and other quaternary ammonium compounds, such as d-TC. d-TC was applied to the frog neuromuscular prep...

Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are among the most commonly used disinfectants. There has been concern that their widespread use will lead to the development of resistant organisms, and it has been suggested that limits should be place on their use. While increases in tolerance to QACs have been observed, there is no clear evidence to support the development of resistance to QACs. Since ef...

From the Department of Physiology, Nijmegen Center for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands, the Max-Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Theoretical and Computational Biophysics Department, Am Fassberg, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany, and the Department of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Kings Buildings, West M...

A simple met.hod of titration with a cationic detergent has been developed which permits rapid estimation of the concentration of urinary protein with a minimum of manipulations and time. The method depends on the formation of an insoluble anion-cation complex between quaternary ammonium ions, hereinafter referred to as the cationic detergent, and proteins, in the present instance mainly human ...

The microwave synthesis of several quaternary ammonium salts is described. The synthesis provides comparable or better yields than published methods with reduced reaction times and in the absence of solvent.