Novel adaptations often cause pleiotropic reductions in fitness. Under optimal conditions individual organisms may be able to compensate for, or reduce, these fitness costs. Declining environmental quality may therefore lead to larger costs. We investigated whether reduced plant quality would increase the fitness costs associated with resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis in two populations of t...

Recent research has increasingly examined customer switching costs in regards to antecedents and relational outcomes. This study extends current research by testing a framework for understanding the underlying relationships between perceived service quality, switching costs, and customer satisfaction with a service provider. The findings of this study suggest that there is a significant and pos...

In order to survive in their competitive sector, software companies must complete software products on time and within budget and those products should satisfy the customers’ quality expectations. One of the most effective methods to achieve this result is collecting necessary metrics during development and process these metrics to compute and control the quality costs. Based on some previous s...

banking and financial services are important parts of the service industry. quality of service in the banking industry has a close relationship with customer satisfaction service system. banks could create competitive advantage by increasing customer satisfaction and reduce costs in today's competitive environment. this paper presents a decision-making model to obtain optimum tasks assigne...

10.1056/nejmp1111662 nejm.org e48(1) into clinical processes will reduce resource utilization and thereby lower costs. Certainly, evidence suggests that there is no association between high quality and high costs.1 Yet true bottom-line savings from improved clinical quality rarely materialize, and costs continue to climb. Manufacturing and service companies around the world have demonstrated th...

Data quality management initiatives could both help to prevent the occurrence of data defects and repair their effect. While such initiatives can reduce overall costs, they also cause costs for their development and implementation. Therefore, the overall aim is not to improve data quality by any means, but to ensure cost-efficiency. The paper proposes a meta-model for simulating data quality ma...

INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to investigate the costs and health status outcomes of intensive care unit (ICU) admission in patients who present after sudden cardiac arrest with in-hospital or out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation. METHODS Five-year survival, health-related quality of life (Medical Outcome Survey Short Form-36 questionnaire, SF-36), ICU costs, hospital co...

holding cash is a matter of managerial discretion. theaim of this paper is to contrast the effect of accruals quality on cashholding for a sample of 120 firms listed in the tehran stock exchangeduring 2001-2011.the results show that firms with good accruals quality hold lower cashlevels than firms with poor accruals quality. this result conform thefindings of teruel & solano (2009), which state...