This paper assesses the utility of qualitative expectational survey data at the firm-level in terms of both their ability to anticipate firms’ subsequent retrospective, but qualitative, reports of their performance but also these same firms’ quantitative answers. The assessment requires access to a unique panel dataset which matches firms’ responses to a leading qualitative tendency survey cond...

Increasing water demand and reducing its contaminations are the main concerns and challenges for water resource managers and planner due to its limited sources and high value. This study aims to assess and understand the factors which threaten the quality of groundwater resources and to achieve this, samples were taken from 14 active wells in District 3 of the Municipality of Tehran. After cate...

this study was conducted to examine the impact of formative and summative assessment in the professional development of iranian efl instructors at universities. moreover, an attempt was made to figure out whether the formative assessment is more effective than the summative assessment. since the present work is qualitative/quantitative research in nature, it was conducted within the ethnography...

This study proposes an approach, the unit circle (UC), to qualitative modelling of a planar robot. A robot is described as a collection of constraints holding among time-varying, interval-valued variables. The UC representation is presented, the continuous motion of the end-effector is evaluated by the change of directions of qualitative angle and qualitative length. Analytical formulas of qual...