hronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a hematological maligancy in which a high percentage of patients cytogenetically xpress the Philadelphia chromosome. This chromosome esults from the reciprocal translocation, t(9;22)(q34;q11.2). uring this exchange, the Abelson gene (abl) on chromosome and the breakpoint cluster region gene (bcr) on chromosome 2 generate the breakpoint cluster region-Abelson mur...

We describe the first postnatal diagnosis of a child from Central Brazil with de novo cytogenetic alterations in 13q showing malformations of the brain, eyes, distal limbs, and genitourinary tract, and severe intellectual disability. The karyotype was a constitutive 46,XX,r(13)[77]/45,XX,-13[17]/46,XX,idic r(13)[6]. Interphase and metaphase fluorescence in situ hybridization analyses also showe...

The so-called Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome is found in over 90% of cases of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Of these cases, 2-10% demonstrate complex translocations involving a third chromosome in addition to chromosomes 9 and 22. Since the majority of CML cases are currently treated with imatinib, variant rearrangements tend to have no specific prognostic significance, although the mechanisms ...

Background: Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is characterized by Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome. The Ph detected by karyotyping in 90% CML but 5-10% may have variant translocation where another chromosome addition to chromosome # 9 and 22. The aim of present report is to describe a rare three-way translocation with rarely describe 8p21 breakpoint. Case report: Retrospective cytogenetic database bet...

This paper investigates resources-related con‡icts in a small open economy through a game-theoretic approach. By endogenising the regime-switching mechanism, it models revolution and repression as the elite-civilian competition for control over resources, which is constrained by the opportunity costs of natural resources and labour. It shows that higher world resource prices tend to trigger con...

Diagnosis is based on blood counts (leukocytosis and frequently also thrombocytosis) and differential (immature granulocytes, from the metamyelocyte to the myeloblast, and basophilia). Splenomegaly is present in >50% of cases of CML in the initial chronic phase, but 50% of patients are asymptomatic. Proof of diagnosis is attained by demonstration of the Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome (22q–) resul...

Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a clonal myeloproliferative disorder, which involves myeloid, monocytic, erythroid, megakaryocytic, B-lymphoid, and occasionally Tlymphoid lineages. It was the first human disease in which a specific abnormality of karyotype the Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome, t(9;22)(q34;qll) translocation could be linked to pathogenetic events of leukemogenesis. The BCR-ABL...

Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), in the Chronic Phase (CP), is often suspected as a result of a complete blood count (CBC), which shows increased granulocytes, mostly mature including a peak in myelocytes, increased basophils, and rarely blasts and/or promyelocytes. Morphologic dysplasia is not present. CML is confirmed by detecting the characteristic Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)[t(9;22)(q34...

We report a case of an asymptomatic 39-year-old male who was incidentally found to have a white blood cell count of 15 000/mm(3) associated with a positive BCR-ABL/t(9;22)(q34;q11) chromosomal translocation detected in 51/300 of cells by FISH and RT-PCR from peripheral blood. Within the next 3 months, leukocytosis spontaneously subsided; however, BCR-ABL by RT-PCR and FISH was persistent both i...