We develop a real options model of R&D valuation, which takes into account the uncertainty in the quality of the research output, the time and cost to completion, and the market demand for the R&D output. The model is then applied to study the problem of pharmaceutical under-investment in R&D for vaccines to treat diseases affecting the developing regions of the world. To address this issue, wo...

This paper explores the hierarchical production planning (HPP) problem of flexible automated workshops (FAWs), each of which has a number of flexible manufacturing systems (FMSs). The objective is to decompose medium-term production plans (assigned to an FAW by ERP/MRP II) into short-term production plans (to be executed by FMSs in the FAW) so as to minimize cost on the condition that demands h...

Brown v. Board of Education (1954) has been highly regarded as a landmark decision that set forth the promise of equality in education for all students. Today, almost sixty years later, the promise of equality still remains a promise as students of color continue to lag behind in educational attainment. Brown had an ambitious agenda that aimed to desegregate as an intermediate step to equalizin...

There is very limited scientific data concerning suspension training. The purpose of this investigation was to compare the electromyographic activity of the pectoralis major, anterior deltoid, and triceps brachii between a suspension push-up and traditional push-up. Twenty-one apparently healthy men (n = 15, age = 25.93 ± 3.67 years) and women (n = 6, age = 23.5 ± 1.97 years) volunteered to par...

Your inverted slant is an acute notewest to east in the shaded sunrisesurrounded as you are by that moatof rocks and weeds, dry a chalk line.One Goliath's push would likely do,would end your wind quivering forever.And still I pray you. Pray for youto suck least dew from dust.Forget Never seem find soulto water—had plans of course—a desertsnaking pipe, brown boleshaking easterlies winter.You've ...

A K-Band Push-Push VCO MMIC which has small size, high output power and low phase noise is presented. This push-push VCO utilize the embedded frequency doubling mechanism of cross coupled topology. A commercial InGaP/GaAs HBT technology with the f T of 60 GHz and the fMAX of 110 GHz was used for the implementation. The oscillation frequency is from 21.02 GHz to 21.17 GHz. The peak output power ...

This paper presents a new methodology based on AHP and ANP (Saaty, 1980, 1996) to estimate the value and transfer fees of professional football players. The paper extends the AHP multicriteria methodology proposed by Moreno-Jiménez et al. (2010) for estimating the value of these sportsmen. The new approach multiplicatively combines the (intrinsic) value of the player (estimated by means of AHP ...

Electoral systems are complex entities composed of a set of phases that form a process to which performance parameters can be associated. One of the key points of every electoral system is represented by the electoral formula that can be characterized by a wide spectrum of properties that, according to Arrow’s Impossibility Theorem and other theoretical results, cannot be all satisfied at the s...