This study examines the relationship between spirituality and recovery from alcoholism. Spirituality was defined as the extent of practice of Alcoholics Anonymous Steps 11 and 12 and was measured by a Step Questionnaire developed by the researcher. Step 11 suggests prayer and meditation and Step 12 suggests assistance of other alcoholics. Expressed degree of purpose in life was also seen as a ...

With an increasingly aging population, more work is needed to identify factors which may promote the maintenance of normal cognitive functioning. The current study tested the concurrent association between sense of purpose in life and the cognitive variables of episodic memory, executive functioning, and composite cognitive functioning in adults (N = 3489, Mage = 56.3 years, SD = 12.27, Range =...

Research background: the concept of “identity” is defined as a property human psyche to express in concentrated form how one perceives his/her affiliation various social, economic, national, professional, linguistic, political, religious, racial and other groups or communities, person’s acceptance properties inherent these communities. The life-purpose identity fundamental parameter for definin...