Menstrual cycle is a multifarious process controlled by numerous glands and the hormones produced in our body. The hypothalamus brain makes pituitary gland to produce certain chemicals prompt ovaries oestrogen progesterone sex hormones. menstrual technique of bio feedback mechanism, which means activity each structure affected other gland’s functions. average span 28–29 days, can differ between...

abstract it is becoming evident that oral hormonal contraceptives –besides being well established contraceptives – seem to become important medications for many functional or organic disturbances. so far, clinical effectiveness has been shown for treatment as well as prevention of menstrual bleeding disorders and menstrual-related pain symptoms. also this is true for premenstrual syndrome (pms)...

Headache is a common complaint in childhood with up to 75% of children reporting a notable headache by the age of 15 years. Paediatric migraine is the most frequent recurrent headache, occurring in up to 28% of older teenagers. Migraine can have a substantial effect on the life of the child, as well as their family, leading to lost school days and withdrawal from social interactions. Early reco...

context of migraine Having read the January 2007 issue of the Journal with the very interesting and well-written article on menstrual migraine by Anne MacGregor,1 I was surprised to read the words flickering lights (Box 1; 1.2.1 Typical aura with migraine headaches B.1.) in the context of migraines with aura. This is confusing as the UK Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use2 seems ...

Migraine headaches are more prevalent in women and often occur during the early phases of the menstrual cycle, implying a link between migraine and ovarian steroids. Serotonin (5-HT) and its receptors have been proposed to play a key role in the pathophysiology of migraine. The trigeminal ganglion (TG) has been proposed as a site for 5-HT synthesis based on the expression of the rate limiting e...