Abstract A seawater reverse osmosis (RO) plant layout based on multistage RO with stages located at different elevations above sea level is described. The uses the weight of a column from pumped storage as head pressure for (gravity-driven RO) or to supplement high-pressure pumps used in (gravity-assisted RO). use gravitational force reduces specific energy compared using pumps. By locating dem...

Storage of electrical energy is a key technology for future climate-neutral supply with volatile photovoltaic and wind generation. Besides the well-known technologies pumped hydro, power-to-gas-to-power batteries, contribution thermal storage rather unknown. At end 2019 worldwide power generation capacity from molten salt in concentrating solar (CSP) plants was 21 GWhel. This article gives an o...

This paper deals with a model that comprises the pumped-storage hydro power plants in system reliability and availability calculations, as well of impact inflow deficiency water storage risks on operational planning such within framework systems for periods up to one year. The uncertainties is related characteristics watercourses where reservoirs are built, but also operation cycles possible mo...

Energy use in water supply systems represents a significant portion of the global energy consumption. The electricity consumption due to the water pumping represents the highest proportion of the energy costs in these systems. This paper presents several comparative studies of energy efficiency in water distribution systems considering distinct configurations of the networks and also considers ...

This paper examines the operation of the Irish power system with very high levels of wind energy, with and without pumped storage. A unit commitment model which accounts for the uncertainty in wind power is used. It is shown that as wind penetration increases, the optimal operation of storage depends on wind output as well as load. The main benefit from storage is shown to be a decrease in wind...

Two-photon-pumped dye lasers are very important because of their applications in wavelength up-conversion, optical data storage, biological imaging and photodynamic therapy. Such lasers are very difficult to realize in the solid state because of the aggregation-caused quenching. Here we demonstrate a new two-photon-pumped micro-laser by encapsulating the cationic pyridinium hemicyanine dye into...

Compared with the traditional GIS station, complex wiring and operation mode of pumped-storage plant diversity, working condition frequent transformation, makes to produce very fast transient overvoltage (VFTO) probability increase greatly. VFTO will form a coupled shell casing earth voltage (TEV), then station personnel safety reliability secondary equipment poses great threat. But at moment b...