This paper reviews data regarding the effects of the legislation banning smoking in enclosed public places, including workplaces, restaurants and bars which entered into force in several countries of Europe starting with the year 2004. The source of data is represented by articles and short information published in peer reviewed journals or in electronic format between the years 2005 and 2008. ...

This paper describes our studies of public media spaces. The reasons for utilizing public social places can be derived from a hypothesis that individuals are empowered — even when working apart — by opportunities for light informal interaction. The re-use of social places for videocommunication is examined through a set of full-scale prototypes that were used and assessed over extensive periods...

ninteen samples of dust from wool and carpet-weaving places around tabriz were collected. dust mites of wool and carpet-weaving places were separated and identified based on morphological characteristics. genus and species of mites per gram of dusts, were determined. the results showed that dominant population of mites were:dermatophagoides farinae (64%), dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (21.5%),...

In many developing countries, public transit plays an important role in daily life. However, few existing methods have considered the influence of public transit in their models. In this work, we present a dual-perspective view of the epidemic spreading process of the individual that involves both contamination in places (such as work places and homes) and public transit (such as buses and trai...

Background & Aim: Cryptosporidium is zoonotic coccidian parasite that causes severe diarrhea in humans and animals worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate the soil contamination rate with Cryptosporidium oocysts of different public places in Tabriz, west of Iran. Methods: In this cross sectional study, 260 soil samples were collected by stratified sampling from 20 parks, 20 primary schools, 20...

OBJECTIVE To implement a government-led project-the 'Defibrillators in Public Places' Initiative-to deploy Automated External Defibrillators (AEDs) in public places. BACKGROUND A Defibrillator Advisory Committee (DAC) was formed to assist the government with the implementation of the project. Its particular tasks were to: recommend criteria for the selection, training and assessment of those ...

Public spaces connect people in their everyday life and foster the growth of communities by providing a common space for people to bond and interact. However, while different communities or social groups may share the same public space, they may not interact between each other due to perceived differences or prejudices. At the other end of the spectrum, members of the same community or social g...

OBJECTIVE To measure change in adult non-smokers' exposure to secondhand smoke in public and private places after smoke-free legislation was implemented in Scotland. DESIGN Repeat cross sectional survey. SETTING Scotland. PARTICIPANTS Scottish adults, aged 18 to 74 years, recruited and interviewed in their homes. INTERVENTION Comprehensive smoke-free legislation that prohibits smoking i...

This study aims to examine beliefs among residents of Shanghai, China concerning tobacco advertising and control policies concurrent with new restrictions on tobacco use and advertising in the city. A total of 518 residents of Shanghai completed a telephone interview survey. We found that 51% of participants had seen or heard of the Zhonghua cigarette brand's 'Love China' tobacco ad campaign in...