Physical inactivity is a major public health challenge due to its association with chronic diseases and the resulting economic impact on the public healthcare system. However, walking can help alleviate these problems. Aim To verify associations between walking during leisure-time, risk factors and health care expenditure among users of the Brazilian public health care system. Methods The sampl...

BACKGROUND Modern drug therapy accounts for a major share of health expenditure and challenges public provider resources. The objective of our study was to compare drug expenditure trends for ten major drug classes over 16 years at Maccabi Healthcare Services (MHS), the 2(nd) largest healthcare organization in Israel. METHODS A retrospective analysis of drug expenditure per HMO beneficiary be...

considering the importance of the agriculture sector in iran, this study investigated factors affecting economic growth and development of the agriculture sector in iran over the period of 1967-2009 for short term and long term, using ardl model. the results showed that the ratios of public investment expenditure to the gdp for short-term and long term have positive impacts on the economic grow...

This paper introduces statistics related to the size and composition of Korea's total health expenditure. The figures produced were tailored to the OECD's system of health accounts. Korea's total health expenditure in 2009 was estimated at 73.7 trillion won (US$ 57.7 billion). The annual per capita health expenditure was equivalent to US$ PPP 1,879. Korea's total health expenditure as a share o...

This study examines the causal relationship between international public relations expenditure and its economic returns at the country level. In order to overcome the limitations of previous studies that have attempted to quantify the outcomes of public relations efforts and investments using correlations, this study conducted a more rigorous causality test by measuring the relationship between...

The Mexico (2004), Bamako (2008) and Algiers (2008) declarations committed the South African (SA) Ministry of Health to allocate 2% of the national health budget to research, while the National Health Research Policy (2001) proposed that the country budget for health research should be 2% of total public sector health expenditure. The National Health Research Committee has performed an audit to...

BACKGROUND Generation of resources for providing health care services is an important issue in developing countries. User charges in the form of Surgical Package Program (SPP) were introduced in all district hospitals of Haryana to address this problem. We evaluate the effect of this SPP program on surgical care utilization and out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditures. METHODS Data on 25437 surgeries...

This case study considers the substantial reforms to the South African public expenditure management system undertaken since the mid-1990s. The key aspects of the reform process have been: establishing the institutional framework for budget reforms through the “new” Constitution and further national legislation and practice; adopting a multi-year budget framework and top-down budget process; de...