The body wall cuticle of adult females of Meloidodera charis, Atolodera lonicerae, and Sarisodera hydrophila is examined by transmission electron and light microscopy for comparison with Heterodera schachtii and previous observations of additional species of Heterodera, Globodera, and Punctodera. The cuticle of M. charis is least complex, consisting of layers A, B, C (with A outermost), and var...

The pest status of diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae), in South Africa is lower than in other countries with similar climates. A project was initiated to investigate possible reasons for this. Larval and pupal populations of DBM were monitored weekly for two years on unsprayed cabbage plots. Adult populations were also monitored continuously for two ye...

Leaf and fruit spot (Pseudocercospora angolensis) disease of citrus attacks leaves, fruits, young twigs the plant. The can cause a yield loss (50% to 100%) in areas with high rainfall humidity during active growth stages crop. Currently, plantations south, south-west north-west Ethiopia are seriously affected by this disease. As result, study was proposed effect fungicides controlling. And cand...