SAD: Swine Health Center, 621 Pacific Avenue, Morris, Minnesota, 56267; HSJ, BKP, TM, CP: Clinical and Population Sciences, 1988 Fitch Avenue, Room 225, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, 55108; SH, LT: Abilene Animal Hospital, 320 Northeast 14th Street, Abilene, Kansas 67410 ince its inception, nursery depopulation (ND) as a potential method for controlling postweaning porcine repro...

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a devastating disease with a significant impact on the swine industry causing major economic losses. The objective of this study is to examine copy number variations (CNVs) associated with the group-specific host responses to PRRS virus infection. We performed a genome-wide CNV analysis using 660 animals genotyped with on the porcine SNP60...

Some pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in plants, such as PEPRs, sense endogenous, damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that are released during pathogen infection. In this issue of The EMBO Journal, Yamada and colleagues show that genetic or pathogen-induced depletion of Arabidopsis BAK1, a co-receptor for multiple PRRs, primes immune activation through PEPRs. The work illustrates a...

The paper describes the specifics of the epidemiology of the Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS), that is its "behavior" as a communicable disease in porcine populations, and compares them to the general epidemiological characteristics of communicable diseases. This analysis shows that infection with the PRRS virus "behaves" epidemiologically both as an epidemic and as an endem...

Introduction Severe epidemic of sow abortion and sow mortality firstly appeared in the USA in the last quarter of 1996 (1). Clinical episodes (first referred to as sow abortion and mortality syndrome [SAMS]) typically lasted 1 to 5 weeks and were characterized by an high rate of abortion and a sow mortality. The severity of acute PRRS episodes raised the suspicion that a new disease had emerged...

The innate immune system is the main and first line of defense mechanism present in human body, which acts against a foreign antigen. To function it utilize several mechanisms, among those are primary one recognizing antigen accomplished via decidedly complicated group molecules termed as pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), perceive various diverse structures on pathogen known pathogen-associ...

Plants are continuously monitoring the presence of microorganisms to establish an adapted response. Plants commonly use pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to perceive microbe- or pathogen-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs/PAMPs) which are microorganism molecular signatures. Located at the plant plasma membrane, the PRRs are generally receptor-like kinases (RLKs) or receptor-like proteins (...

Macrophages detect bacterial infection through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) localized at the cell surface, in intracellular vesicles or in the cytosol. Discrimination of viable and virulent bacteria from non-virulent bacteria (dead or viable) is necessary to appropriately scale the anti-bacterial immune response. Such scaling of anti-bacterial immunity is necessary to control the infect...

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) has caused large economic losses in the swine industry in recent years. Current PRRS vaccines fail to effectively prevent and control this disease. Consequently, there is a need to develop new antiviral strategies. MicroRNAs play critical roles in intricate host-pathogen interaction networks, but the involvement of miRNAs during PRRS virus (P...

The cellular immune response to a European isolate of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus in animals recovered from the experimental infection has been studied in vitro. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from these pigs proliferated specifically when they were stimulated with PRRS virus. This response was not detectable until 4 weeks after inoculation and remained...