Dear Editor, The causes of epiphora can be separated into two categories: (1) reflex epiphora, which is caused by surface damage to the eye or infectious ocular disease, and (2) lacrimal pumping failure, which is caused by anatomical and functional failure in the outflow tract due to abnormal position of the lacrimal puncta or closure of the nasolacrimal duct [1,2]. The abnormal position of the...

PURPOSE To assess the remodelling process of the bone graft and fused bodies after non-instrumented anterior interbody fusion with autogenous iliac graft in patients with spondylosis, infections, fractures, or disorders of the cervical spine. METHODS 68 patients aged 18 to 58 years who underwent non-plated anterior lower cervical interbody fusion with an iliac graft were retrospectively studi...

Porokeratosis is an abnormal disease of keratinization of epidermis. It is clinically characterized by margins covered with keratin layer and it typically has an atrophied macule with a protruded, circular form. Histopathologically, it shows the findings of cornoid lamella. Risk factors for its development include organ transplantation, long-term use of corticosteroids, immunocompromised status...

Pseudomonas aeruginosa exposed to silver sulfadiazine (AgSu) were examined in an electron microscope. The treated cells were distorted in shape, and structures (blebs) protruded from the cell surface. These "blebs" appeared to arise from the cell wall. A strain of P. aeruginosa resistant to AgSu did not display these changes. Upon exposure of P. aeruginosa to silver nitrate, none of these chang...

493 ropharyngeal teratomas are rare congenital tumors with an estimated incidence of one in 35,000 to one in 200,000 live births [1]. We present a case of an oropharyngeal teratoma identified by an elevated level of maternal serum α -fetoprotein at 16 weeks with sonographic diagnosis at that time. The tumor was bilobed; it originated in the oropharynx and protruded through a distended jaw into ...