Activation of the G protein-coupled receptor rhodopsin involves both the motion of transmembrane helix 6 (TM6) and proton exchange events. To study how these activation steps relate to each other, spin-labeled rhodopsin in solutions of dodecyl maltoside was used so that time-resolved TM6 motion and proton exchange could each be monitored as a function of pH and temperature after an activating l...

The triton energy spectra of the charge-exchange 12C(3He,t) reaction at 2 GeV beam energy are analyzed in the quasi-elastic nucleon knock-out region. Considering that this region is mainly populated by the charge-exchange of a proton in 3He with a neutron in the target nucleus and the final proton going in the continuum, the cross-sections are written in the distorted-wave impulse approximation...

The aldolase catalytic cycle consists of a number of proton transfers that interconvert covalent enzyme intermediates. Glu-187 is a conserved amino acid that is located in the mammalian fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase active site. Its central location, within hydrogen bonding distance of three other conserved active site residues: Lys-146, Glu-189, and Schiff base-forming Lys-229, makes it a...

Proton conduction is a fundamental process in biology and in devices such as proton exchange membrane fuel cells. To maximize proton conduction, three-dimensional conduction pathways are preferred over one-dimensional pathways, which prevent conduction in two dimensions. Many crystalline porous solids to date show one-dimensional proton conduction. Here we report porous molecular cages with pro...

We investigate the self-consistent interaction of the local interstellar cloud (LIC) and solar wind, focusing on its manifestations in the heliospheric hydrogen (H) distribution. This system is modeled hydrodynamically as a Ñuid proton-electron plasma and three H Ñuids, each arising from charge exchange production within three distinct plasma environments. Perhaps our most signiÐcant Ðnding is ...

The kinetic mechanism of the lactose transport system of Streptococcus thermophilus was studied in membrane vesicles fused with cytochrome c oxidase containing liposomes and in proteoliposomes in which cytochrome c oxidase was coreconstituted with the lactose transport protein. Selective manipulation of the components of the proton (and sodium) motive force indicated that both a membrane potent...

As it involves the lightest physical states excited from vacuum by vector quark current, near-threshold ρ0 photoproduction is considered a possible way to research proton radius and absolute value of scattering lengths ρ0-proton interaction. In this study, under assumption scalar form factor dipole form, mass calculated as (0.85 ± 0.06) fm fitting differential cross section γp → ρ0p reaction at...

one of the most important fuel cells (fcs) is proton exchange membrane fuel cells (pemfcs). the outputvoltage of this fc depends on current loads. this paper tries to introduce, implement and control the voltage ofpemfc, during load variations. the output voltage of fuel cell should be constant during load variation. toachieve this goal, a controller should be designed. here, the lead-lag contr...