Nuclear genes control plastid differentiation in response to developmental signals, environmental signals, and retrograde signals from plastids themselves. In return, plastids emit signals that are essential for proper expression of many nuclear photosynthetic genes. Accumulation of magnesium-protoporphyrin IX (Mg-Proto), an intermediate in chlorophyll biosynthesis, is a plastid signal that rep...

Medullary thyroid cancer accounts for 5-10% of thyroid carcinomas. RET proto-oncogene mutations occur in all of the hereditary MTCs and about 66% of the sporadic MTCs. So, the detection of the RET mutations is necessary for rapid and proper diagnosis and treatment. This systematic review seeks to find a comprehensive list of RET gene mutations in the diagnosis of medullary thyroid cancer. The ...

Robotics can serve as a testbed for cognitive theories. One behavioral criterion for comparing theories is the extent to which their implementations can learn to exploit new environmental opportunities. Furthermore, a robotics testbed forces researcher to confront fundamental issues concerning how internal representations are grounded in activity. In our approach, a mobile robot takes the role ...

Human knowledge is intentional, as opposed to ‘knowledge’ represented by the computer, which is syntactic. The premise of this paper is that nevertheless a process model of cognition can be defined which is isomorphic and analogous to Peirce’s 9-adic classification of signs. An advantage of the relation with the Peircean concepts lies in the model’s potential for the definition of a ‘natural’ r...

Modern game engines make it easy to create complex realistic environments for entertainment or for training, but scripting the behavior of agents in these environments is still a major challenge. Spatial computing languages such as Proto [1] provide a possible solution, but need to be adapted for practical scripting use. We have begun to address this problem by linking Proto with the Unity game...

We study tensor products of two structures situated, in a sense, between normed spaces and (abstract) operator spaces. We call them Lambert and proto-Lambert spaces and pay more attention to the latter ones. The considered two tensor products lead to essentially different norms in the respective spaces. Moreover, the proto-Lambert tensor product is especially nice for spaces with the maximal pr...

This paper discusses the design goals and the first developments of PROTO-PLASM, a novel computational environment to produce libraries of executable, combinable and customizable computer models of natural and synthetic biosystems, aiming to provide a supporting framework for predictive understanding of structure and behaviour through multiscale geometric modelling and multiphysics simulations....

This paper discusses the role of interactional and cognitive mechanisms in emergence (proto)linguistic structures evolution (proto)language(s). Both social, interactive nature human communication timescale have received increasing attention investigations how structure emerges language. has also led to an focus on involved dialogic co-construction meaning interaction. These include ad hoc const...

Asbestos fibers cause persistent increases in activator protein-1 (AP-1) family member proto-oncogenes in lung epithelial and mesothelial cells that are linked to proliferation and cell transformation. Using lung epithelial cells, the progenitor cells of lung cancers, we report that crocidolite asbestos initially depletes intracellular glutathione followed by up-regulation of both catalytic and...

BACKGROUND Epigenetic alterations have been implicated in the pathogenesis of solid tumors, however, proto-oncogenes activated by promoter demethylation have been sporadically reported. We used an integrative method to analyze expression in primary head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and pharmacologically demethylated cell lines to identify aberrantly demethylated and expressed candid...