Spirulina is a microalga cultivated in many countries. It source of valuable protein, polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, antioxidants and elements. We have not found studies that address the effect supplement form or cultivation method on mineral content spirulina supplements. The aim this study was to determine whether (tablet powder) (organic conventional) bearing nutrients content. Such ...

Fifty-four crossbred steers (275 kg) were assigned randomly to one of three isoenergetic but not isonitrogenous ruminal escape protein (EP) supplements: high ruminal escape protein (HEP), low ruminal escape protein (LEP), or corn. The supplements contained corn, distillers' dried grains with solubles (DDGS), and fish meal. Supplements were fed at approximately 1.5 kg/d; the HEP and LEP suppleme...

the nutritive value of pistachio epicarp (pe) was evaluated by in situ and in vitro techniques. chemical analysis indicated that pe was high in crude protein (11.30%) and low in neutral detergent fiber (26.20%). total phenols, total tannins, condensed tannins and hydrolysable tannins contents in pe were 8.29%, 4.48%, 0.49% and 3.79%, respectively. ruminal dry matter and crude protein degradatio...

Ninety-eight and 88 female Angora kid goats (6 mo of age) were grazed/browsed on Edwards Plateau rangeland in 92- and 88-d trials in 1989 and 1990, respectively. The goats were either not supplemented (negative control, NC) or fed isoenergetic amounts of corn (C), a corn/cottonseed meal/molasses mixture (C/CSM), or a corn/cottonseed meal/fish meal/molasses mixture (C/CSM/FM). The C/CSM and C/CS...

Nutritional supplements are popular among athletes to improve performance and physical recovery. Protein supplements fulfill this function by improving performance and increasing muscle mass; however, their effect on other organs or systems is less well known. Diet alterations can induce gut microbiota imbalance, with beneficial or deleterious consequences for the host. To test this, we perform...

OBJECTIVE A systematic review was conducted to analyze the tolerability of several oral iron supplements based on data obtained in available publications and to report the incidence of adverse effects (AEs) for each supplement both overall and gastrointestinal. METHODS Electronic databases - Medline, the Cochrane Library, and Embase were searched for studies published up to January 2009. Clin...

Currently, a growing industrial poultry sphere in many countries is quail farming. Quails have complex of unique economic-productive advantages, as compared with other poultry, – high body temperature, intensive metabolism, small size, fast maturation, and egg productivity. In the study, we examined specifics microscopic structure morphometry spleen control experimental birds characteristics se...

the objectives of this study were to determine the effects of feeding rapeseed (27%, dm basis) and sunflower biodiesel by-products as protein supplements on fatty acid composition (fa), profile (ratios and indices),enzyme activitiesfrom thecarcassin lambs fed cereal-based diets. simultaneously, itwas examined the relationship between ingested fa and carcass fa. samples were obtaine dfrommal efa...

The use of nutritional supplements in sport is widespread and few serious athletes do not, at some stage in their career, succumb to the temptation to experiment with one or more nutritional supplements. Nutritional ergogenic aids are aimed primarily at enhancing performance (either by affecting energy metabolism or by an effect on the central nervous system), at increasing lean body mass or mu...

The effects of four types of tropical protein-rich trees on nutrient digestibility, nitrogen (N) balance, urinary purine derivative (PD) excretion and blood metabolites in four Thai Brahman cattle (290±2.5 kg) were studied. The animals were fed twice daily, with each feeding consisting of 1 kg (fresh weight) rice straw and one of the four dietary supplements: i) 1.98 kg oven-dried rain tree pod...