“obligation”, “dette” and “droit personnel” are three important and correlative legal terms in civil law that have been introduce into persian legal literature with improper translation. the failure to distinguish them from common terms in islamic jurisprudence like “dein” and “eltezam” have caused conceptual confusion between special terms of two great legal systems: civil law and islamic law....

Considerable research in strategy and innovation has been devoted to examining when and how firms accumulate resources. Yet, little empirical work has focused on when firms disband resources and how this decision to disband resources is affected by firm strategy. This oversight is surprising since theoretical work has highlighted the importance of knowing which assets to grow and which assets t...

The purpose of this article is to discuss whether the right to self-determination is the only and the best principle in health law for care providers to support their clients with an intellectual disability, or whether other principles such as the right to development, the right to good care and the right to protection might lead to a better protection of the rights of clients in this field of ...

granting of intellectual property rights on biological materials could be very contentious issue from cultural, legal, ethical and religious points of view. this could be even more complicated, once it acquires an international dimension. the agreement on trade related intellectual property rights (trips) is the latest international arrangement under which, a complex structure for international...

Heterogeneously-licensed systems pose new challenges to architects and designers seeking to develop systems with appropriate intellectual property rights and obligations. In the extreme case, license conflicts may prevent a system’s legal use. Our previous work showed that rights, obligations, and conflicts can be calculated. But architects benefit from fuller information than simply (for examp...