The administration of prophylactic antibiotics before pacemaker or internal cardioverter-defibrillator implantation has been implemented widely and routinely. The acceptance of this practice has occurred despite the absence of rigorous examination or definitive evidence. The existing data for the use of prophylactic antibiotic therapy in device implantation consist of 7 randomized, controlled t...

The objective of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activities of joint fluids of patients undergoing total-knee arthroplasty (TKA). Thirty patients who were scheduled for primary cemented TKA were enrolled in the study. The patients were grouped on the basis of whether the cement was without antibiotic loading (control group) or loaded with oxacillin (oxacillin group) or vancomycin (...

A comprehensive review of prophylactic use of perioperative antibiotics in trauma from the 1970s to the present was performed. Evidence based guidelines were used to analyze the data from the past 32 years and define standards of care in the field. Recommendations and suggestions are provided to offer guidelines for prophylactic antibiotic use in trauma. Highlighted topics include general traum...

China introduced a new policy regarding the management of antibiotic use. We evaluated the reasonableness of antibiotic use among children suffering from intussusception before and after policy. A retrospective study was conducted involving 234 young children with intussusception who were treated between January 1, 2011 and December 30, 2013. Demographics and detailed antibiotics regimens were ...

BACKGROUND The value of routine prophylactic antibiotic treatment in parotid gland surgery remains undetermined. METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted of all patients who underwent parotidectomy at a university-affiliated tertiary care center between 1992 and 2009. Patients with insufficient data, specifically regarding postoperative complications and antibiotic administration were e...

Given the substantial increase in antimicrobial resistance among ocular pathogens worldwide, evidence-based strategies are needed to carefully analyze the risks and benefits of routine prophylactic intracameral antibiotics for prevention of infection in cataract surgery. In ophthalmology, 2 basic issues are debated frequently: (1) the effectiveness of intracameral antibiotics in lowering rates ...

Abstract Background Liver transplant recipients (LTRs) are at high risk for infections. The optimal duration of perioperative antibacterial prophylaxis remains unclear, particularly in patients hospitalized prior to transplant. Our study examines the impact a change our institutional antibiotic protocol LTRs on post-transplant infection and antibiotic-associated toxicity. Methods We conducted r...

Prosthetic joint infections (PJI) are still an extremely concerning eventuality after replacement surgery; growing antibiotic resistance is also limiting the prophylactic and treatment options. Chlorhexidine (a widely used topical non-antibiotic antimicrobial compound) coatings on silica nanoparticles capable of prolonged drug release have been successfully developed characterised. Such nanocar...

210 iranian women participated in a study in two main categories (comprising six subgroups) for comparison of prophylactic antibiotic prescription by the intravenous route with the irrigation method together with control subgroups. interesting results from our study were: 1- there was no significant statistical difference between subgroups with regard to infectious morbidity. 2- the rate of ear...

background and aims. irrational prescription of antibiotics by clinicians might lead to drug resistance. clinicians do prescribe antibiotics for either prophylactic or therapeutic reasons. the decision of when and what to prescribe leaves room for misuse and therefore it is imperative to continuously monitor knowledge and pattern of prescription. the aim of the present study was to determine th...