We systematically present four calculi for gradual typing: the blame calculus of Wadler and Findler (2009); a novel calculus that pinpoints blame precisely; the coercion calculus of Henglein (1994); and the threesome calculus of Siek and Wadler (2010). Threesomes are given a syntax that directly exposes their origin as coercions in normal form, a more transparent presentation than that found in...

It has become common knowledge that health care takes place in complex settings that are fraught with the potential for error. More than this, it is becoming a commonplace understanding that error will occur in hospitals, and that some of those errors will inflict harm on patients and their families. The Institute of Medicine report To Err Is Human, describes error as involving multiple aspects...

As part of a larger study, predictors of self-blame were investigated in a sample of 149 undergraduate sexual assault survivors. Each participant completed questionnaires regarding their preassault, peritraumatic, and postassault experiences and participated in an individual interview. Results confirmed the central hypothesis that, although several established correlates independently relate to...

This investigation focused on relationships among sexual assault, self-blame, and sexual revictimization. Among a female undergraduate sample of adolescent sexual assault victims, those endorsing greater self-blame following sexual assault were at increased risk for sexual revictimization during a 4.2-month follow-up period. Moreover, to the extent that sexual assault victims perceived nonconse...

background: using appropriate coping strategies has a positive influence on moderating mental pressures caused by infertility and the stress during treatment. using these strategies needs personal skills and they could be influenced by individual’s inner psychological and environmental factors. the aim of this study was to assess the relationship between the attitude toward infertility and copi...