The standard treatment for aPBC is to combine a fibrate with UDCA. Bezafibrate and fenofibrate are fibrates that elevate serum creatinine levels while decreasing the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Pemafibrate selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α modulator, which primarily metabolized by liver. This study assessed effects of switching from pemafibrate in 16 patien...

Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is an atypical member of the FGF family that functions as an endocrine hormone. Pharmacologic studies show that FGF21 has broadmetabolic actions in obese rodents and primates that include enhancing insulin sensitivity, decreasing triglyceride concentrations, and causing weight loss. In lean rodents, FGF21 expression is strongly induced in liver by prolonged f...

BACKGROUND Oxidative injury and dysfunction of the vascular endothelium are early and causal features of many vascular diseases. Single antioxidant strategies to prevent vascular injury have met with mixed results. METHODS AND RESULTS Here, we report that induction of a metabolic stress response with adenosine monophosphate kinase (AMPK) prevents oxidative endothelial cell injury. This respon...

Thiazolidinediones improve insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction. However, the mechanisms underlying the vasoprotective effects of thiazolidinediones remain to be fully elucidated. The present study aimed to examine the molecular mechanism for the anti-vasoconstrictive effects of rosiglitazone in response to endothelin (ET) 1. Mouse aortas were treated with rosiglitazone for 24 hours, ...

This brief review focuses on the transcriptional regulation of liver carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (L-CPT I) by pancreatic and thyroid hormones and by long-chain fatty acids (LCFA). Both glucagon and 3,3',5-tri-iodothyronine (T(3)) enhanced the transcription of the gene encoding L-CPT I, whereas insulin had the opposite effect. Interestingly, the transcriptional effect of T(3) required, in a...