The literature on sustainable tourism is scant, particularly in the least developed countries. Very few studies touch upon concept and no holistic theoretical or conceptual frameworks around idea of have been formulated. This study aims at exploring role tour operators developing Pakistan how (TOs) conceive their this regard. TOs were reached through phone calls, emails, virtual sources as face...

This paper investigates a supply chain consisting of single risk-neutral supplier and risk-averse retailer with the call option contract service requirement, where retailer’s objective is to maximize Conditional Value-at-Risk about profit. The optimal ordering quantity production are derived in presence requirement. Furthermore, by investigating effect level risk aversion on chain, it found tha...

A new criterion for classifying multispectral remote sensing images or textured images by using spectral and spatial information is proposed. The images are modeled with a hierarchical Markov Random Field (MRF) model that consists of the observed intensity process and the hidden class label process. The class labels are estimated according to the maximum a posteriori (MAP) criterion, but some r...

We present a method for the analysis of optical single molecule emission data that exhibit discrete intensity jumps. This new method uses a generalized likelihood ratio test that determines the location of an intensity change point based on individual photon arrival times. This test is applied recursively to an entire single molecule intensity trajectory, thus finding each change points. Expect...

UNLABELLED The objectives of this study were to investigate (18)F-FDG imaging, using a coincidence detection system, for diagnosing prosthetic joint infection and to compare it with combined (111)In-labeled leukocyte/(99m)Tc-sulfur colloid marrow imaging in patients with failed lower extremity joint replacements. METHODS Fifty-nine patients--with painful, failed, lower extremity joint prosthe...

This paper gives an introduction into evolutionary computation, in particular in the light of multiobjective optimization, and demonstrates how evolutionary algorithms can be used to tackle a highly demanding application in telecommunications, namely the design of a network processor. 1 Introductory Example To illustrate the basic principles of multiobjective optimization and evolutionary algor...

A ``mutual integral'' approach is used to calculate the mixed-mode stress intensity factors for a free-edge delamination crack in a laminate under tensile loading conditions. This ``mutual integral'' approach, for generalized plane strain conditions, is based on the application of the path-independent J integral to a linear combination of three solutions: one, the problem of the laminate to be ...