It is becoming increasingly important for firms to know when to take steps to reduce buyers’ uncertainty about their products and services. This article focuses on investments that firms can make to reduce buyers’ uncertainty about taste-related product attributes. Using an analytical model, we show that firms should disclose more taste-related information when the customer segment they directl...

Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a method for analyzing and assessing the environmental impact of a material, product or service throughout its life cycle, including raw material extraction, processing, transportation, manufacturing, distribution, use, reuse, maintenance, recycling and waste treatment. The procedure for doing an LCA includes goal and scope definition, inventory analysis and impac...

given a graph $g$, let $g^sigma$ be an oriented graph of $g$ with the orientation $sigma$ and skew-adjacency matrix $s(g^sigma)$. then the spectrum of $s(g^sigma)$ consisting of all the eigenvalues of $s(g^sigma)$ is called the skew-spectrum of $g^sigma$, denoted by $sp(g^sigma)$. the skew energy of the oriented graph $g^sigma$, denoted by $mathcal{e}_s(g^sigma)$, is defined as the sum of the n...

Injuries and the law are connected in many important ways. The law can be a powerful tool for reducing the risk of injury (1). Laws can compel certain individual behaviors, such as seatbelt use, and prohibit other behaviors, such as speeding, to protect the safety of us all. Laws can also require product manufacturers to design and market their products in a manner that will reduce the likeliho...

This paper proposes a holistic teleology-based modeling framework for product-related processes named FOREST. Several processes such as functioning processes, fault-related processes and manufacturing processes can be represented as goal-oriented process trees in the three-dimensional space as an extension of an ontology-based functional modeling framework. One of the expected benefits is to he...

Nowadays it can already be seen clearly that in order to increase the effectiveness of computer support in development and production of durable industrial products or artifacts, three problems still need to be solved: (a) integration of aspect models used in artifact development, (b) integration of the aspect models used in process planning and process representations, (c) integration of (a) a...

OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to determine the epidemiology of injuries associated with nursery products among young children treated in US emergency departments. METHODS Data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System were retrospectively analyzed for patients aged <3 years who sustained an injury associated with a nursery product from 1991 through 2011. RESULTS An esti...

Purpose. This study evaluated the effects of using a newly developed eye cleansing formulation (Eye Shampoo) to cleanse the eyelids for 4 weeks in a parallel-group comparative study in women with chronic eye discomfort caused by heavy use of eye makeup and poor eye hygiene habits. Methods. Twenty women participants who met the inclusion criteria were randomly allocated to 2 groups comprising 10...

Previous studies have shown that product market competition has an important effect on corporate strategies and internal governance mechanisms. Using a sample of China’s listed firms from 2004 to 2009, we explore the relationship between product market competition and normal related party transactions and find a significant positive relationship. In addition, we investigate the substitutive eff...

In this paper we obtain some new Schwarz related inequalities in inner product spaces over the real or complex number field. Applications for the generalized triangle inequality are also given.