The rising antibiotic resistance in major bacterial pathogens together with the breakdown of the antibiotic discovery platform creates a critical situation for infection therapy. Recent developments reviving new antibiotic discovery from defining chemical rules for membrane-passing compounds to isolation chips for soil bacteria and exploring the human microbiome for antibiotic-producing bacteri...

We believe that a C programmer’s impulse to use #ifdef in an attempt at portability is usually a mistake. Portability is generally the result of advance planning rather than trench warfare involving #ifdef. In the course of developing C News on different systems, we evolved various tactics for dealing with differences among systems without producing a welter of #ifdefs at points of difference. ...

In electronic industry, technologies are progressing rapidly nowadays. To maintain market competition with comparative advantages, an enterprise must continuously develop various new products. This research focuses on the initial stages of the new product development (NPD), which involves generating and screening NPD alternatives. A multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) model considering int...

This appendix provides the detailed analysis of size economies and comparative advantage by area for crop production. A summary of this analysis was presented in chapter 8. The analysis was conducted at the University of Minnesota by Steve Cooke under the guidance of Burt Sundquist. Cooke’s manuscript “Size Economies and Comparative Advantage in the Production of Corn, Soybean, Wheat, Rice, and...

CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY AS A DISCIPLINE has evolved rapidly dur ing the last decade. However, application of epidemiotogic principles in surgical clinical research has been limited. In the March 1996 issue of SURGERY we discussed the principles, application, and limitations of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) in surgery. RCTs are often viewed as the gold standard for evaluation of therapeutic ef...

This study examines how children integrate information about counterfactual alternatives in making judgments. Previous research in adults had shown that they make judgments on the basis of comparisons between factual events and counterfactual alternatives. We suggest that children adopt a summative strategy instead, where they focus on the presented outcomes, both real and counterfactual, and b...

In everyday practice, clinicians are faced with questions on the comparative benefits and risks of the various health interventions available to treat patients. When performed well and reported completely, randomized controlled trials (and systematic reviews of such trials) are generally considered to be the most scientifically rigorous approach to determine whether a cause-effect relationship ...