this study was an attempt to explore the beliefs of iranian efl teachers about the role of grammar in english language teaching in both state schools and private language institutes. data were collected through a questionnaire developed by burgess and etherington (2002), which consisted of 11 main subscales and was divided into two sections. the first section dealt with approaches to grammar te...

This paper presents a new model for simulating procedural knowledge in the problem solving process with our ontological system, InfoMap. The method divides procedural knowledge into two parts: process control and action performer. By adopting InfoMap, we hope to help teachers construct curricula (declarative knowledge) and teaching strategies by capturing students’ problem-solving processes (pr...

Modern games often feature highly detailed urban environments. However, buildings are typically represented only by their façade, because of the excessive costs it would entail to manually model all interiors. Although automated procedural techniques for building interiors exist, their application is to date limited. One of the reasons for this is because designers have too little control over ...

BACKGROUND It is well known that chronic kidney disease is a strong independent predictor of adverse outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with ischemic heart disease. Recently, peri-procedural myocardial injury has been associated with adverse cardiac events. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between renal function and peri-procedural myocardial ...

A crucial part of the knowledge of molecular biologists is procedural knowledge, that is, knowledge of how to do things in laboratories. Procedural knowledge of molecular biologists involves both perceptual-motor skills and cognitive skills. We discuss such skills required in performing the most commonly used molecular biology techniques, namely, Polymerase Chain Reaction and gel electrophoresi...

INTRODUCTION Pediatric residents report a lack of confidence and competence with procedural skills at graduation. Training programs could benefit from improved approaches to target these needs. Using the Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI) Model for Improvement and three Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycles, we examined the impact of a procedure simulation boot camp on self-reported procedura...

Emergency physicians frequently undertake emergency procedural sedation in non-fasted patients. At present, no UK guidelines exist for pre-procedural fasting in emergency sedation, and guidelines from the North American Association of Anesthesiologists (ASA) designed for general anaesthesia (GA) are extrapolated to emergency care. A systematic review of the literature was conducted with the aim...

One of the modern paradigms to develop an application is object oriented analysis and design. In this paradigm, there are several objects and each object plays some specific roles in applications. In an application, we must distinguish between procedural semantics and declarative semantics for their implementation in a specific programming language. For the procedural semantics, we can write a ...

Acquisition of competency in procedural skills is a fundamental goal of medical training. In this Perspective, the authors propose an evidence-based pedagogical framework for procedural skill training. The framework was developed based on a review of the literature using a critical synthesis approach and builds on earlier models of procedural skill training in medicine. The authors begin by des...

BACKGROUND Safety of atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation in conditions of periprocedural therapeutic international normalized ratio (INR) in combination with heparin is still uncertain, and little is known about the pre-procedural therapeutic INR influence on bleeding complications (BC) in this method. METHODS AND RESULTS The subjects were 150 consecutive patients who underwent catheter ablatio...