Professors from the University of California at Berkeley were administered a 90-min test battery of cognitive performance that included measures of reaction time, pairedassociate learning, working memory, and prose recall Age effects among the professors were observed on tests of reaction time, paired-associate memory, and some aspects of working memory Age effects were not observed on measures...

A key function of memory is to use past experience to predict when something important might happen next. Indeed, cues that previously predicted arousing events (emotional harbingers) garner more attention than other cues. However, the current series of five experiments demonstrates that people have poorer memory for the context of emotional harbinger cues than of neutral harbinger cues. Partic...

Research from the past decades has shown that retrieval of a specific memory (e.g., retrieving part of a previous vacation) typically attenuates retrieval of other memories (e.g., memories for other details of the event), causing retrieval-induced forgetting. More recently, however, it has been shown that retrieval can both attenuate and aid recall of other memories (K.-H. T. Bäuml & A. Samenie...

A version of Sternberg's (1966) short-term visual memory recognition paradigm with pictures of unfamiliar faces as stimuli was used in three experiments to assess the applicability of the distinctiveness-based SIMPLE model proposed by Brown, Neath, and Chater (2002). Initial simulations indicated that the amount of recency predicted increased as the parameter measuring the psychological distinc...

Proactive interference (PI) is the capacity to resist interference to the acquisition of new memories from information stored in the long-term memory. Previous research has shown that PI correlates significantly with the speech-in-noise recognition scores of younger adults with normal hearing. In this study, we report the results of an experiment designed to investigate the extent to which test...

In this short paper, we briefly describe some recent progress on statistical decision making for budget allocation in crowdsourcing. We address the budget allocation problem for two important labeling tasks in crowdsourcing: the categorization labeling task and pairwise ranking aggregation. We also show the connections between our work and the “proactive learning” framework proposed by Jaime Ca...

Psychological studies about human teamwork have shown that members of an effective team can often anticipate needs of other teammates and take appropriate actions accordingly. CAST is a teamwork model that enables agents in a team to anticipate information needs of teammates, whether they are software agents or human agents. Based on such needs, agents can choose to assist teammates through pro...

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In this paper, we describe a novel proactive recovery scheme based on service migration for long-running Byzantine fault tolerant systems. Proactive recovery is an essential method for ensuring long term reliability of fault tolerant systems that are under continuous threats from malicious adversaries. The primary benefit of our proactive recovery scheme is a reduced vulnerability window. This ...