From the principles of national income accounting, which require ultimately a balanced set of double-entry accounts, a deficit in any one of the public, private and overseas sectors must be offset by a net surplus in the other two. If private savings are insufficient to finance the government deficit and private investment—that is the nation as a whole spends more than it earns—it becomes indeb...

INTRODUCTION The costs of health care in Poland are continuously increasing. Thus, almost every institution providing medical services aims at their limitation. One of the costs rationalisation methods in the health care sector is outsourcing. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study was conducted in 153 randomly selected institutions providing medical activities. The tool was a questionnaire, availabl...

BACKGROUND With the exception of Canada, all countries with universal health insurance systems provide universal coverage of prescription drugs. Progress toward universal public drug coverage in Canada has been slow, in part because of concerns about the potential costs. We sought to estimate the cost of implementing universal public coverage of prescription drugs in Canada. METHODS We used p...

This paper analyses the factors that determine solid waste service costs. The empirical analysis is based on information derived from a survey conducted in a sample of Galician municipalities. The results reveal economies of scale in municipalities of fewer than 50,000 inhabitants, such that cooperation between these municipalities could lead to cost savings. It also appears that private delive...

On December 23, 2013, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services announced 123 new Medicare Shared Savings Program [1] (MSSP) Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs). This represents the fourth round of MSSP participants, which, coupled with the Pioneer ACOs, brings the number of Medicare ACOs to 366. Some of these organizations were already known to be ACOs, including those that transferred ...

Treatment of transport networks of the winter period is a key responsibility of maintenance teams whether in the private or public sector. With tightening budgets and increasing statutory requirements, maintenance teams are looking to improve the treatment of networks by improving ice prediction techniques. Improved forecasting techniques leads to financial savings, reduction in environmental d...

Pension Reform and Growth Replacing a pay-as-you-go pension system with a fully funded scheme could Giancarlo Corsetti eliminate the incentives Klaus Schmidt -Hebbel (under the pay-as-you-go system) to informalize production and employment. Simulations of an endogenous-growth model suggest that long-term growth could increase substantially by such a reform. Econometric evidence suggests that pe...

 The 2014 EBRI/Greenwald & Associates Consumer Engagement in Health Care Survey (CEHCS) finds that 15 percent of the privately insured population was enrolled in a consumer-driven health plan (CDHP); 11 percent was enrolled in a high-deductible health plan (HDHP); and 74 percent was enrolled in more traditional coverage. Overall, 26 million individuals with private insurance were enrolled in a...

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Oral diseases are very important because they impose economic and social burden on societies. Given the resource scarcity, it is necessary to devise cost-effective and scientific strategies to prevent and control oral diseases. This study aimed to estimate the potential cost-savings for dental caries treatment associated with Community Water Fluoridation Program (CWFP) in Ke...