Ethics in relation to the practice of medicine had continuity from the time of Hippocrates (ca. 460-377 BC) to the 1970s focusing on the physician-patient relationship and moral obligations of beneficence and nonmaleficence. In the 1970s developments such as the gene splicing method and in vitro fertilization (IVF) created concerns about the adequacy of these long-established moral obligations ...

All researchers want to do well planned study and their trial to be published and globally read. However, most of researchers feel there is generally a lack of guidance on how to prepare good papers and what the rules of ethics at the beginning of study. Thus, they seek to learn medical publication rules and find out the advices of the Helsinki Declaration which is prepared in line with WHO pol...

Background: In order to protect the environment, humans are required to comply with environmental ethics, as set forth in environmental laws. Unfortunately, oil pollution has had many negative impacts on the Earth's environment in recent years, so various countries have been examining and deciding on new environmental laws over many years. Many decisions overlap with international law and have ...

Obstetricians must become comfortable addressing the ethical issues involved in clinical obstetrics and therefore must have an understanding of the key elements of clinical medical ethics. Balancing the principles of medical ethics can guide clinicians toward solutions to ethical dilemmas encountered in the care of pregnant women. The purpose of this article is to review the ethical foundations...

nursing is a universal health care necessity. nursing profession, similar to the other medical professions, is responsible to maintain public health promotion, prevent diseases, and also care and rehabilitate client, family and the soci¬ety. the inher-ent nature of nursing is respect for moral values and human rights. however, clinical ethical dilem¬mas occur for nurses at all levels, not alway...

Guidelines for conducting forensic psychiatric consultations and evaluations have not been clearly established. The authors offer and discuss such guidelines, which are based upon the boundary guidelines in general psychiatric practice, ethics principles in general psychiatry, ethics principles in forensic psychiatry, and the relevant case and statutory law. These guidelines are intended to ass...

As part of a larger Machine Ethics Project, we are developing an ethical advisor that provides guidance to health care workers faced with ethical dilemmas. MedEthEx is an implementation of Beauchamp’s and Childress’ Principles of Biomedical Ethics that harnesses machine learning techniques to abstract decision principles from cases in a particular type of dilemma with conflicting prima facie du...