BACKGROUND Primary health care visits offer opportunities to identify and intervene with risky or harmful drinkers to reduce alcohol consumption. PURPOSE To systematically review evidence for the efficacy of brief behavioral counseling interventions in primary care settings to reduce risky and harmful alcohol consumption. DATA SOURCES Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Database of Res...

This article focuses on the range of fetal anomalies associated with varied alcohol ingestion during pregnancy. A means for identifying women at risk for having infants with alcohol related birth defects and the more severe fetal alcohol syndrome are discussed. Primary methods for preventing these lasting birth defects are described for practitioners.

Auditory brainstem potentials were recorded from human subjects before and after an intoxicating dose of alcohol. Following alcohol ingestion there were significant, progressive increases in the latencies of brainstem potential peaks III through VII. No changes in peak amplitudes were found. The results indicate that alcohol has a depressive effect on neural transmission within the primary audi...

National Alcohol Screening Day (NASD) is the nation’s largest and most visible communitybased intervention targeting alcohol misuse. Established in 1999 through a partnership between the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) and the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), and with support from numerous other public and private organizations, NASD...

BACKGROUND Screening for alcohol use disorders identifies a wide range of needs, varying from hazardous and harmful drinking to alcohol dependence. Stepped care offers a potentially resource-efficient way of meeting these needs, but requires evaluation in a randomised controlled trial. AIMS To evaluate the feasibility, effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of opportunistic screening and a step...

BACKGROUND Telephone helplines are easily available and can offer anonymity. Alcohol helplines may be a potential gateway to a more advanced support protocol, and they may function as a primary support option for some. However, although telephone helplines (quitlines) make up an established evidence-based support arena for smoking cessation, few studies have described such telephone-based alcoh...

We present a case report and review of the literature to demonstrate why screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) is important for female primary-care patients. A 25-year-old African American woman presented with right lower-quadrant and flank pain, nausea, fever, and dyspareunia three days after unprotected intercourse. The patient had a past history of sexually transmi...

Alcohol consumption is an integral part of daily life in many societies. The benefits associated with the production, sale, and use of alcoholic beverages come at an enormous cost to these societies. The World Health Organization ranks alcohol as one of the primary causes of the global burden of disease in industrialized countries. Alcohol-related diseases, especially alcoholism, are the result...

BACKGROUND Identifying and treating problem alcohol use among people who also use illicit drugs is a challenge. Primary care is well placed to address this challenge but there are several barriers which may prevent this occurring. The objective of this study was to determine if a complex intervention designed to support screening and brief intervention for problem alcohol use among people recei...

In this study, the adsorption behavior of the primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols over nanoscale (1 0 0) surface of defect spinel γ-alumina was investigated with the aid of density functional theory (DFT) at BLYP/DNP level of calculation. The influence of different substituents including alkyl, cycloalkyl, allyl and aryl were analyzed for free and adsorbed alcohols to shed light the adsorp...