The increasing penetration of wind generation has led to significant improvements in unit commitment models. However, long-term capacity planning methods have not been similarly modified to address the challenges of a system with a large fraction of generation from variable sources. Designing future capacity mixes with adequate flexibility requires an embedded approximation of the unit commitme...

CONTEXT In India, 14% of the population use smoked tobacco products. Increasing prices of these products is one of the measures to curb their consumption. AIMS This study analyzes "unit price" and "daily consumption" of cigarettes and bidis and investigates their relation with each other. SETTINGS AND DESIGN A cross-sectional survey was conducted in four states of India (Bihar, West Bengal,...

Given a commodity available at different prices, a unit-price account of choice predicts preference for the cheaper alternative. This experiment determined if rhesus monkeys preferred remifentanil (an ultra-short-acting micro-opioid agonist) delivered at a lower unit price over a higher-priced remifentanil alternative (Phases 1 and 3). Choice between equal-priced alternatives also was assessed ...

This study were estimated the contribution of carcass traits to unit price, to analyze the marbling score as a categorical variable rather than a numerical variable, and to develop an optimal model that also includes the holiday effect and the raising period. The data for this study were acquired from the Quality Evaluation of the Korea Institute for Animal Products, and consisted of the tradin...

Key pecking by 3 pigeons was maintained by a multiple fixed-ratio 10, fixed-ratio 30, fixed-ratio 90 schedule of food presentation. Components differed with respect to amount of reinforcement, such that the unit price was 10 responses per 1-s access to food. Acute administration of morphine, l-methadone, and cocaine dose-dependently decreased overall response rates in each of the components. Wh...

The optimization problem while committing the units is minimizing the entire production cost, at the same time meeting the demand and fulfilling the equality and inequality limits. In order to supply adequate power to the consumers in a cost-effective and secured way the commitment of thermal units is the best option available. The commitment of generating units is done depending upon the predi...

A multi item inventory model with demand dependent on unit price and leading time with limited storage space and set up cost is considered in this paper. The varying production and leading time crashing costs are considered to be continuous functions of unit price and leading time respectively. The model is solved using Karush Kuhn Tucker conditions approach with optimal order quantity, unit pr...

OBJECTIVE To determine the willingness to pay (WTP) and the benefit-cost of modern contraceptives delivered through the public sector in Nigeria. METHODS Data were collected from 4517 randomly selected households. The WTP for the 6 major contraceptive methods available in the public sector was elicited. Logistic regression was used to determine whether the decision to state a positive WTP amo...

In this paper we seek to enhance decision making of investments under multiple uncertainties. We assess optimal commitment strategies for future reference of pulp and paper mills given stochastically correlated processes of one input and two output prices. The price processes are consistent with shadow price trajectories of a large scale global energy model. For the detailed engineering model, ...