The case of a 57-year-old male athlete who developed acute hyponatremia during participation in a 100 mile ultra-marathon is discussed. The initial presentation was one of rapid neurological deterioration and transient cardiovascular instability. Current theories on how hyponatremia develops in athletes are discussed. Treatment modalities, such as the use of hypertonic saline and the management...

We present a liquid flatjet system for solution phase soft-x-ray spectroscopy. The flatjet set-up utilises the phenomenon of formation of stable liquid sheets upon collision of two identical laminar jets. Colliding the two single water jets, coming out of the nozzles with 50 μm orifices, under an impact angle of 48° leads to double sheet formation, of which the first sheet is 4.6 mm long and 1....

In this paper, a numerical analysis of stresses and displacements in FGM thick-walled cylindrical pressure vessel under internal pressure has been presented. The elastic modulus is assumed to be varying along the longitude of the pressure vessel with an exponential function continuously. The Poisson’s ratio is assumed to be constant. Whereas most of the previous studies about FGM thick-walled p...

a r t i c l e i n f o We investigate the role of pressure solution in deformation of upper-to mid-crustal rocks using aggregates of halite as a room temperature analog for fluid-assisted deformation processes in the Earth's crust. Experiments evaluate the effects of initial grain size distribution on macroscopic pressure solution rate of the aggregate and compare the results to theoretical mode...

We present a numerical model of two fluid mixing based on hyperbolic equations having complete state variables (velocity, pressure, temperature) for each fluid. The model is designed for the study of acceleration driven mixing layers in a chunk mix regime dominated by large scale coherent mixing structures. The numerical solution of the model is validated by comparison to the incompressible lim...

Electrospraying is a simple and versatile technique capable of producing polymeric particles. However, most investigations carried out thus far have been performed at ambient atmospheric pressure without studying the influences of pressure on the formation of polymeric particles. Here, we report our investigation on the effects of varying the pressure and the solution concentration on the micro...

We study the domain of existence of a solution to a Riemann problem for the pressure gradient equation in two space dimensions. The Riemann problem is the expansion of a quadrant of gas of constant state into the other three vacuum quadrants. The global existence of a smooth solution was established in Dai and Zhang [Arch. Rational Mech. Anal., 155(2000), 277-298] up to the free boundary of vac...

Timolol ophthalmic solutions 0.5 per cent, 1.0 per cent, and 1.5 per cent lowered intraocular pressures significantly in normal human volunteers. Maximum lowering of the intraocular pressures was reached at two hours with the 0.5 per cent solution of timolol and at one hour with the 1.0 per cent and 1.5 per cent timolol ophthalmic solutions. The effect lasted the full seven hours of observation...

A new method for growing silicon nanowires was presented. They were grown in an aqueous solution at a temperature of 85 oC under atmospheric pressure by using sodium methylsiliconate as a water‐soluble silicon precursor. The structure, morphology, and composition of the as‐grown nanowires were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and en...

Mathematical models of compaction in sedimentary basins typically assume a relationship between effective pressure p• and porosity •, which is of a non-linear type; that is, p• = p•(d). However, at depths greater than a kilometer, pressure solution becomes important and this relationship approaches a viscous one. We derive a mathematical model for viscous compaction in sedimentary basins and sh...