BACKGROUND Orthodontic treatment is one of the commonly used dental treatments. Orthodontic forces act on the bone by modulating the biomolecules, chiefly the osteoprotegerin (OPG), osteopontin (OPN), receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B (RANK), and RANK ligand (RANKL) (OPG ligand). Hormonal changes are known to cause marked alteration in the levels of these biomolecules. Hence, we plan...

OBJECTIVE To compare the exercise capacity of postmenopausal women with matched premenopausal controls, as well as postmenopausal women before and after 3 months of hormone therapy (HT). METHODS This study examined the response to strenuous isotonic exercise in 30 women with recently developed menopause (age, mean+/-standard deviation, 50.6+/-1.1 years) without cardiovascular risk factors or ...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this prospective study was to investigate the effect of LT4 suppression therapy on plasma thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) antigen and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) levels in benign thyroid nodules. We also compared hyperthyroid patients and healthy controls. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Twenty premenopausal women with benign thyroid nodules were giv...

Breast cancer in younger patients appears to be more aggressive than disease occurring in older patients. Even though large population-based studies suggest poorer survival of patients younger than 35 years, data demonstrating the relationship of age and prognosis within premenopausal cohorts are much more scarce and conflicting. In this retrospective analysis of 885 premenopausal patients, the...

BACKGROUND Many factors, such as heredity, ethnicity, nutrition and other lifestyle factors, have been related to bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. Additionally, bone mass has been significantly associated with decreased estrogen levels. However, fewstudies have been conducted on premenopausal women. The present study was designed to estimate the relationship between low bone minera...

Proladin, a hormone indispensable for milk secretion, has been shown to enhance the development and growth of mammary tumors in rodents; however, its importance in human breast cancer is uncertain. Serum prolactin levels are known to fluduate considerably under normal conditions, and lack of precision in the hormone measurements may have contributed to the largely negative findings in humans to...

OBJECTIVE To examine the blood leukocyte expression of 22 sex steroid metabolic/signaling genes according to female reproductive status. METHODS Michigan Fisheaters' Cohort participants underwent blood collection during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle or randomly in non-menstruating participants. Gene expression (GE) was measured using Taqman hydrolysis probes and quantitative RT-PCR....

In this study, aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1)-expressing cells in stroma of histologically normal breast tissue from premenopausal women were investigated in situ regarding cellular morphology, cell distribution, and relation to the additional stem cell markers, CD44 (+) and CD24 (-). These results were correlated with hormonal and genetic risk factors for breast cancer. Triple immunofluoresc...

High body mass index (BMI) has been associated with an increased risk for breast cancer among postmenopausal women. However, the relationship between BMI and breast cancer risk in premenopausal women has remained unclear. Data from two large prevention trials conducted by the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) were used to explore the relationship between baseline BMI a...

Insulin and insulin resistance have been hypothesized to increase the risk of breast cancer as insulin increases breast cell proliferation and inhibits sex hormone binding globulin. Although insulin is directly related to body weight, adiposity is inversely associated with breast cancer risk in premenopausal women but directly related to risk in postmenopausal women. To explore the association ...