Objective: In the present study, the effects of aqueous saffron extract (Crocus sativus L.) on the acquisition and reinstatement of morphine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) in mice were investigated. Materials and Methods: Subcutaneous administration of morphine (40 mg/kg for four days) produced place preference. Intraperitoneal administration of aqueous extract (40 and 80 mg/kg for...

in recent years, studying the dietary preferences and livestock grazing behaviorhas attracted lots of attention due to manage and improve the efficiency of rangelands. so,in this study the foraging behavior and diet selection of tali goat was investigated in thechabahar rangeland during 2008-2010. data were collected and analyzed for speeds oflivestock, covered distance, time of grazing, restin...

the rapid pace of changing technology is leading to high rate of import and export between different countries. in outsourcing governmental organizations duties to private sectors, it is a need to control sectors and they should be under assessment policy. this research has been developed to show how the accredited laboratories of iranian standard (isiri) can be assessed for their technical ser...

in this article a very brief history of violence against women in domestic settings is developed. on the whole, 18 focus group discussion (fgd) (including 4 pilot fgds), were conducted in southern part of teheran capital of iran among different groups of people (literate, illiterate, married, unmarried, male, female). further, 30 individual interviews conducted with violence and family affaire ...

background: the increasing number of cesarean section is a great concern in many countries. in iran cesarean section rate has been steadily rising from 35% in 2000 to 40% in 2005. preferences for cesarean are often associated with some factors. objective: to investigate factors associated with preference for cesarean delivery, with special emphasis on pregnant women’s preferences in first pregn...

This paper suggests  a novel approach for ranking the most applicable fuzzy numbers, i.e.  $LR$-fuzzy numbers. Applying the  $alpha$-optimistic values of a fuzzy number, a preference criterion is proposed for ranking fuzzy numbers using the Credibility index. The main properties of the proposed  preference criterion  are also studied.  Moreover, the proposed method is   applied for ranking fuzz...

Preference value means livestock preference to eat some plants relative to other plants or species. Accordingly, by studying the preference values, the range managers could determine the rangelands grazing capacity to achieve the optimum performance of livestock and to guarantee the stability of rangeland ecosystem. The objective of this study was to determine the preference value of perennial ...

Since the halophytes species have an important role in such ecosystem balance and they have been grazed by livestock as supplementary forage, the awareness of livestock's desire to grazing and their preference values of these species is of high priority. Regardless of the importance of halophyte species in the livestock feeding in Iran, there is less published research on the livestock grazing ...