Stroke is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, with perioperative stroke being an important complication in the practice of anaesthesia. Unfortunately, pharmacological treatment options are very limited and often not applicable in the perioperative period. The notion of applying a subtoxic stimulus prior to an otherwise lethal event is termed preconditioning. The main focus of the articl...

An analysis of the effect of local preconditioning on boundary conditions for the subsonic, one-dimensional Eulcr equations is prcscntcd. Dccay rates for the cigcnmodcs of the initial boundary valuc problem arc determined for different boundary conditions. Ricmann invariant boundary conditions based on the unprcconditioncd Eulcr cquations are shown to bc reflective with preconditioning, and, at...

OBJECT Our objective was to explore the protective effects of hypoxic preconditioning on induced Schwann cells exposed to an environment with low concentrations of oxygen. It has been observed that hypoxic preconditioning of induced Schwann cells can promote axonal regeneration under low oxygen conditions. METHOD Rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were differentiated into Schwann c...

Delayed ischemic preconditioning effectively protects kidneys from ischemia-reperfusion injury but the mechanism underlying renal protection remains poorly understood. Here we examined the in vivo role of microRNA miR-21 in the renal protection conferred by delayed ischemic preconditioning in mice. A 15-min renal ischemic preconditioning significantly increased the expression of miR-21 by 4 h a...

The powerful cardioprotective actions of melatonin, the chief secretory product of the pineal gland, have been attributed largely to its free radical-scavenging properties. Free radicals play an important role in the triggering action of ischaemic preconditioning, the phenomenon whereby exposure of the heart to one or more short episodes of ischaemia leads to protection against a subsequent lon...

We are interested in accurate numerical solutions of ill-conditioned linear systems using floating-point arithmetic. Recently, we proposed a preconditioning method to reduce the condition numbers of coefficient matrices. The method utilizes an LU factorization obtained in working precision arithmetic and requires matrix multiplication in quadruple precision arithmetic. In this note, we aim to a...

New preconditioning strategies for solving m × n overdetermined large and sparse linear least squares problems using the CGLS method are described. First, direct preconditioning of the normal equations by the Balanced Incomplete Factorization (BIF) for symmetric and positive definite matrices is studied and a new breakdown-free strategy is proposed. Preconditioning based on the incomplete LU fa...

INTRODUCTION Cold storage of organs for preservation and transplantation is reaching its limits especially with extended criteria for heart beating donors and donation after cardiac death. We will discuss recent findings and perspectives in normothermic kidney preservation. METHODS A literature review was performed from original articles and syntheses selected by the search engine PubMed. Key...

Preconditioning is an endogenous mechanism in which a nonlethal exposure increases cellular resistance to subsequent additional severe injury. Here we show that connexin 43 (Cx43) plays a key role in protection afforded by preconditioning. Cx43 null mice were insensitive to hypoxic preconditioning, whereas wild-type littermate mice exhibited a significant reduction in infarct volume after occlu...