As the gap between supply and demand of electrical power is getting wider the continuous power supply is not possible for all at the same time. Existing power grid is not well suited for 21 century power flow from generation to end user. To focus on the challenges of 20 century grid like blackout, Power discontinuity, Frequency variation, etc. the new concept of smart grid emerged. It is expect...

Power line impedance is a very important parameter on the design of power line communications (PLC) modem architecture. Variations on the impedance of the power line affect the communications circuit performance. In order to determine impedance of the power lines, measurements were carried out in Turkey at frequencies ranging from 10 to 170 kHz, (CENELEC A,B,C,D bands). Measurements were conduc...

To support the increasing number of sensor devices with various characteristics and requirements, sensor network operating systems should provide an appropriate device driver model that can cover a wide range of device types. Unfortunately, current sensor network operating systems force the user to build complex drivers for even simple devices, provide restricted interfaces, or do not provide a...

Incumbent legislators in developing countries are often found to not possess an electoral advantage relative to challengers. This paper traces this effect to the balance of power between legislators and party leaders, and formal and informal constraints on legislators’ ability to influence policy and stake positions. This theory is tested on a dataset of Indian national elections since 1977, us...