Arbovirus surveillance methods are an integral part of integrated mosquito management programs, providing information on arboviral presence, location, and transmission potential. For many vector control agencies, entails collecting species from the field testing representative pools using commercially available immunoassays or real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction test kits....

Beginning in December 2019, the spread of novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) has exposed weaknesses healthcare systems across world. To sufficiently contain virus, countries have had to carry out a set extraordinary measures, including exhaustive testing and screening for positive cases disease. It is crucial detect isolate those who are infected as soon possible keep virus contained. However, areas ...

There is compelling support for widening the role of computed tomography (CT) COVID-19 in clinical and research scenarios. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing, gold standard diagnosis, has two potential weaknesses: delay obtaining results possibility RT-PCR test kits running out when demand spikes or being unavailable altogether. This perspective article discusses u...

In the last few years, the use of HIV rapid testing has expanded worldwide in response to the call for universal access to prevention, care, and treatment by UNAIDS and the World Health Organization. HIV rapid testing is performed by people with varied skills in laboratory and nonlaboratory settings. Accurate HIV diagnostic testing is the first step to identifying infected persons for follow-up...

materials and methods a number of 100 patients with imr, normal karyotypes and negative fragile-x and metabolic tests were screened for subtelomeric abnormalities using mlpa technique. results nine of 100 patients showed subtelomeric abnormalities with at least one of the two mlpa kits. deletion in a single region was found in 3 patients, and in two different subtelomeric regions in 1 patient. ...

Recent advances in HIV antiretroviral therapy and the availability of prophylaxis for opportunistic infections, combined with the opportunity to prevent perinatal HIV infection, underscores the value of early diagnosis of HIV infection. HIV antibody home test kits offer individuals the opportunity to collect a blood sample, send it anonymously to a laboratory, and receive counseling and referra...

Increasing access and frequency of human immunodeficiency virus testing are critical to stemming the epidemic. In Brazil's concentrated epidemic, human immunodeficiency virus prevalence in the men who have sex with men/transgender population far exceeds that in the general population, but testing rates fall below what is needed to ensure early detection and treatment. Over-the-counter human imm...

Faecal samples from 1007 patients suspected of having diarrhoea caused by Clostridium difficile infection are investigated for the presence of toxins A and B and for the presence of C. difficile-specific glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH). Toxigenic culture is performed on all samples and is used as the 'gold standard' for the purpose of the study. A marker for intestinal inflammation, faecal lactof...