flaviviridae are viruses that cause several diseases including dengue fever, japanese encephalitis, murray valley encephalitis, tick-borne encephalitis, west nile encephalitis, yellow fever and hepatitis c virus infection. members of this family have monopartite, linear, single-stranded rna genomes of positive polarity, 9.6-12.3 kb in length. here, we have analyzed the codon usage of 13 species...

A 14 year old male presented with redness and watering of his right eye of a week’s duration. He had been on local steroids and mydriatics for 3 days. He gave a history of herpes encephalitis, with post viral demyelination, cystitis and septicaemia 5 years back. At that time he had presented with headache, fever, vomiting, slurring of speech, drooling of saliva and inability to feed. Though blo...

The first description of an autoimmune encephalitis dates back to 1888, when Hermann Oppenheim described a patient with neurological symptoms but no underlying brain pathology. The field of autoimmune encephalitides associated with antibodies targeting cell-surface antigens is rapidly expanding and new antibodies are discovered frequently. Autoimmune encephalitis is a difficult clinical diagnos...

recently, several patients have been reported with various signs of encephalopathy and high thyroid antibody levels together with good responsiveness to glucocorticoid therapy. despite the various clinical presentations, these cases have been termed “hashimoto encephalopathy” (he). although all of the pathogenic components have not yet been clearly elucidated, it is believed that brain vasculit...

anti-n-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (anti-nmdar) encephalitis is is most common form ofimmune-mediated encephalitis with prominent neurologic and psychiatric features at disease onset. we describe a 16 years old patient who presented with fever and status epilepticus. his mri sequences was normal. anti-nmdar antibodies were detected in the csf.  mri, ct and other studies didn,t show any tumor.