In this paper, we consider a stoichiometric population model of two producers and one consumer. It is a generalization of the Rosenzweig-MacArthur population growth model, which is a one-producer, one-consumer population model without stoichiometry. The generalization involves two steps: 1) adding a second producer which competes with the first, and 2) introducing stoichiometry into the system....

African cities face immense challenges over the coming decades. As countries urbanize, African cities must maintain service provision for rapidly increasing populations, yet with limited resources. In particular, urban food systems must be able to cope with regional food shortages and catalyze (or at least enable) the distribution of food from diverse sources in order to ensure that the cost of...

T he Netherlands is a small country in Western Europe, located on the North Sea coastal area at the mouth of the rivers Rhine and Meuse, bordering Belgium and Germany. The territory of the Netherlands covers 41,574 km of which 7,636 km are water. About one-quarter of the country, especially the western part where land has been reclaimed from the sea since the 16th century, actually lies below s...

This paper shows, in a two-sector Malthusian model of endogenous population growth, that output per capita, population density, and industrialization depend upon the labor intensity of agricultural production. Because the diminishing returns to labor are less pronounced, high labor intensity (as in rice production) leads not only to a larger population density but also to lower output per capit...