OBJECTIVE To estimate changes in levator hiatal dimensions after childbirth in women with and without ultrasonographically visible morphological abnormalities of the levator ani and to correlate those changes with delivery mode. METHODS A total of 296 nulliparous women were recruited. They were examined with four-dimensional translabial ultrasonography at 36-38 weeks of gestation and at 3-4 m...

OBJECTIVE Magnetic resonance imaging techniques have improved the study of female pelvic dysfunction. However, disagreements between magnetic resonance measurements and their derived 3-dimensional reconstructions were noted. We tested the hypothesis that these discrepancies stemmed from variations in magnetic resonance acquisition angle. STUDY DESIGN Images from the pelvis of the Visible Huma...

A young adult male equestrian sustained an avulsion of his levator ani muscle and its bony origin secondary to a horse landing on his groin. Avulsion of the levator ani muscle has, to our knowledge, only been described in obstetric related injuries. We describe the findings on CT imaging of this traumatic blunt injury.

We studied the relation between prostaglandin analogue use and ocular adnexal features. We used a prospective, cross-sectional study involving 157 current, 15 past, and 171 never users of prostaglandin analogues. Patients 50 years of age or older and without conditions affecting ocular adnexal anatomy underwent glaucoma medication use history, external digital photography and systematic externa...

The aims of this study were to determine if there were any differences in the thickness of the lip levator musculature in men and women, and whether the height of the smile line in adults was related to the thickness of the lip levator musculature. Thirty Caucasian (13 males, 17 females), and 24 Asian (11 males, 13 females) undergraduate dental students participated in this study. The subjects ...

PURPOSE To compare external levator advancement and Müller's muscle-conjunctival resection (conjunctivomullerectomy, or CJM) for correction of upper eyelid involutional ptosis. DESIGN Retrospective, nonrandomized, comparative interventional case series. METHODS Review of medical records of 159 patients (272 surgical procedures) who underwent external levator advancement or CJM was performed...

INTRODUCTION During laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection (APR) for low rectal cancer, it is difficult to resect the levator muscles and remove a cylindrical specimen without venturing close to the rectal wall to ensure negative circumferential resection margins (CRM). To solve this problem, we developed a needle-guided, laparoscopic, abdominoperineal resection (LAPR) technique. AIM To pres...

Eyelid anatomy, including thickness measurements, was examined in numerous age groups. The thickest part of the upper eyelid is just below the eyebrow (1.127±238 µm), and the thinnest near the ciliary margin (320±49 µm). The thickness of skin at 7 mm above the eyelashes was 860±305 µm. The results revealed no significant differences among the age groups. Fast fibers (87.8±3.7%) occupied a signi...

INTRODUCTION It has been suggested that pelvic floor muscles (PFMs) play an important role in provoked vestibulodynia (PVD) pathophysiology. Controversy in determining their exact contribution may be explained by methodological limitations related to the PFM assessment tools, specifically the pain elicited by the measurement itself, which may trigger a PFM reaction and introduce a strong bias. ...