BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis has been assessed in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons by using various methods. Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) has not been evaluated, however. We studied the cross-sectional prevalence of lower limb PAD in an HIV-infected population. METHODS PAD was assessed using the Edinburgh Claudication Questionnaire and by measuring the systolic ankle-bra...

The authors hypothesized that the absence of cross-sectional associations of body mass index (BMI; weight (kg)/height (m)(2)) with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in prior studies may reflect lower weight among persons who smoke or have poor health status. They conducted an observational study among 5,419 noninstitutionalized residents of 4 US communities aged ≥ 65 years at baseline (1989-199...

Low levels of vitamin D have been associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk. However, few studies have evaluated the association between vitamin D status and peripheral arterial disease (PAD). We therefore aimed to investigate whether low 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels were associated with increased risk of PAD in the Korean population. This cross-sectional study was conducted...

BACKGROUND This study's objective was to determine the test characteristics of pedal pulse palpation in the diagnosis of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) when compared to the more widely recommended screening tool, the ankle-brachial index (ABI). METHODS We screened patients > 50 years of age for PAD within primary care clinics in Houston. PAD was diagnosed by an ABI of <0.9. At each visit, ...

AIM Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of asymptomatic peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and the associated risk factors for patients with COPD. METHODS This prospective cross-sectional study enrolled 427 COPD patients (mean age: 70.0 years) without PAD sym...

Branch atheromatous disease (BAD) refers to atheromatous occlusion of a small, perforating vessel. BAD produces small subcortical infarction (SSI) and presents clinically with lacunar syndrome. However, this is pathophysiologically distinguished from traditional small vessel disease (SVD) caused by lipohyalinosis primarily affecting the distal part of perforators. According to vascular imaging ...

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) has been estimated to reduce quality of life in approximately 2 million symptomatic Americans,1 and millions more Americans without claudication are likely to suffer PAD-associated impairment.2 PAD is a strongly age-dependent condition that contributes significantly to morbidity and healthcare expenditures in the elderly: There are 413 000 discharges per year w...

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and ischemic heart disease are considered to be a smoking-related triad. However, only a few studies investigated the relationship between COPD and PAD using limited study sample. We aimed to examine the risk of PAD among patients with COPD using a nationwide cohort database in Taiwan. We conducted a retrospective c...

The purpose of this study was to compare the heel pad mechanical properties of runners, who repetitively load the heel pad during training, with cyclists who do not load their heel pads during training. Ten competitive long distance runners and 10 competitive cyclists volunteered for this study. The thickness of the unloaded heel pad was measured using realtime B-mode ultrasonography. A heel pa...

OBJECTIVE Active smoking is a recognised risk factor for peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Many studies have demonstrated an association between exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) and both coronary heart disease and stroke. In contrast, there is a paucity of studies on PAD. The goal of this study was to examine the association between level of exposure to SHS and risk of PAD among adults who h...