The Mexican electoral laws of 1989 and 1994 are used as a case study to illustrate a point: the logical and mathematical properties defined in law have significant practical consequences. The 1989 law is an extreme case of logical inconsistency and ignorance of the properties of rules of apportionment, and as such provides a rich menu of the properties rules for apportioning seats should satisf...

Background: Despite the irreplaceable role of cyberspace in the behaviors of modern society and the importance of observing ethics in it, so far no research has been presented to build a model of practical ethics in this space. The present study examines how ethical laws are enacted in cyberspace. Conclusion: By descriptive analysis of the concept of ethics in cyberspace, the perception is tha...

How does the demand for lobbying reflected by government policy activity influence the use of lobbying strategies and tactics? The authors examine this question by assessing how the complexity of the policy space affects the political action committee (PAC) system. They hypothesize that the complexity of the policy space indirectly affects the size and activity of the PAC system through its dir...

Immigration may adversely affect political stability if conflict becomes endemic among heterogeneous groups of people living in close proximity due to the process of migration. If so, the governments could respond by preventive militarisation. The results from two-stage-least squares estimation indicate that higher immigrant share significantly reduces political stability. In addition, higher i...

The American response to Lysenkoism took place at a crucial moment in the evolving relationship between science and the public. Like many professional scientific organizations in the early Cold War, the Genetics Society of America (GSA) resisted involvement in political issues. In contrast to similar societies in the physical sciences, however, the geneticists' silence cannot be explained solel...

This paper explores how political parties should be regulated in jurisdictions with anti-defection laws, which constitutionalise parties’ control over the legislative process. It begins by arguing that such understood as neither private organisations nor quasi-public bodies but entities. Next, it argues recognising status of party affect we think about legal regulation its internal affairs. In ...

This paper discusses a connection between scalar convex conservation laws and Pontryagin’s minimum principle. For flux functions for which an associated optimal control problem can be found, a minimum value solution of the conservation law is proposed. For scalar space-independent convex conservation laws such a control problem exists and the minimum value solution of the conservation law is eq...

Since its first publication in 1951, Duverger’s Political Parties has influenced an entire branch of political science devoted to the study of the political consequences of electoral laws. This essay examines the two propositions known as Duverger’s law and Duverger’s hypothesis, both concerned with how electoral institutions shape party systems. First explaining the propositions and their cont...