BACKGROUND Improving maternal health, reducing global maternal mortality, and working toward universal access to reproductive health care are global priorities for United Nations agencies, national governments, and civil society organizations. Human rights lawyers have joined this global movement, using international law and domestic constitutions to hold nations accountable for preventable mat...

the present paper aims to highlight the origin of the youth movements in iran during the intervening years of 1971 and 2002. during these three decades, youth movement was one of the important social movements in the political arena of the country. while explaining the origin of the movement, two changes i.e. 'generation gap' and 'democracy' have been studied and it was found that the origin of...

Should voter awareness policies and get-out-the-vote movements be promoted? We address this question using a model of political advertising that incorporates both the mobilization and the persuasion aspects of advertising. An uncertainvoter model of two-candidate political competition is proposed, where candidates have fixed symmetric ideological positions and unknown qualities and can use poli...

University-based activists constantly find themselves at an interface between the institution that employs them and the social movements to which they are committed. The university is itself a site of struggle and contestation over pedagogy, curriculum, academic freedom, intellectual property, labour processes and political economy. In recent decades these processes have been subjected to the d...

iran's relation with one of the largest countries, that is, russia (the soviet :union:) has under gone many changes. one of the brilliant examples of the changing policies of russia towards iran is, no doubt, the years 1941 to 1953. in this period, most of graceful communist parties' rise and fall is making relations between iran and russia. tudeh party, ferghe democrate azerbaijan an...

There are more than 3000 ongoing conflicts involving the extractive industries (mining, gas, and oil) communities impacted by activity. Most of these in developing countries Africa, Asia, Latin America. In this paper we examine three resistance movements Brazil, Chile, India where Indigenous groups resisting mining operations on their lands. We argue represent forms translocal subaltern based l...