In the present study, purpose was to examine Adnan Menderes from perspective of Elite Theory. For this purpose, Historical Research, Content Analysis, and Leader Analysis Methods were employed in study. After information provided about elite Theory life examined terms At end it concluded that Menderes, who a socio-economic political elite, banned power “by force” line with Pareto’s “Elite Rotat...

this study tries to show how gender as a discourse construction has been formed since decades before the islamic revolution in imam khomeini’s words differently from then language system capacity, power and residence relations embodied in the traditional discourses, pre-revolution modernization period, in a context of political and social events and how it has stabilized or transformed the cust...

Crime rates have surged in nearly all new democracies. To explain this empirical regularity, we model the effects of political regimes on law enforcement and parametrize political regimes by their vulnerability to violent overthrow. It is assumed that democracies are less vulnerable than dictatorships. We first show that dictatorships generate more investment in “political protection” or secret...

The Federation Council, the upper chamber of the Russian parliament (also referred to as the "senate,") plays a number of different roles. It is an instrument for reconciling the interests of regional and federal elites and for lobbying regional interests. It is a political tribune for regional leaders to address the president, the government and the people. It is a new kind of meeting for the ...

The mid-sixteenth century saw dramatic transformations in the image of the Russian monarchy. In 1547 Ivan IV the Terrible (1530–84) adopted a new title, that of tsar. Powerful images of the tsar and his realm also appeared in Russian works of art, architectural monuments, literary texts and court rituals. The historian David Miller sees court art and ritual as attempts to build a new national p...

Why do monetary unions fail? Answers to this question from a material-based approach tend to point to a breakdown in elite political support, especially when actors have material incentives to ‘cheat’ on their multilateral commitments rather than cooperate to overcome the collective action problem that a monetary union entails. Recent ideational approaches have focused on the role of shared eco...

Conventional models of ‘transitions to democracy’ are incomplete and insufficient for the analysis of the regime changes in Russia and other post-Soviet societies, which go beyond the usual textbook cases. This article reconsiders conceptual frameworks for the analysis of democracy and democratization in the light of the experience of postSoviet political developments. The distinction between t...

Current situation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Education for the liberal professions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Elite education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 General...

Our research deals with the relationship between voice and gesture during speech in an interview situation. In this study, we focus on rapid eyebrow movements during questioning. Eyebrow movements were recorded using a motion analysis system (ELITE) enabling computer reconstruction of the trajectories of small infrared retroflexive markers attached to the subject's skin. This kinematic data and...