Abstract Introduction Polio, which is caused by poliovirus, a contagious, potentially crippling, and deadly disease. Pakistan one of the countries in polio still endemic 21st century. In 2019, 146 cases were reported across country with some resulting deaths. Following spread rumors insinuating that children falling sick after receiving an anti-polio vaccine, mob attacked set fire to small hosp...

BACKGROUND Ghana recorded the last case of indigenous wild poliovirus in 1999 but suffered two more outbreaks in 2003 and 2008. Following the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, transmission was interrupted through high routine immunisation coverage with live-attenuated oral polio vaccine (OPV), effective acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance and supplementary immunisation activiti...

The Australian National Poliovirus Reference Laboratory at the Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory is the World Health Organization designated laboratory for the isolation and testing of poliovirus from clinical specimens within Australia, the Pacifi c Island countries and Brunei Darussalam. Surveillance for acute fl accid paralysis (AFP) within Australia, the main clinical manif...

In 1988, the World Health Assembly launched the Global Polio Eradication Initiative. Among the three wild poliovirus serotypes, only wild poliovirus (WPV) type 1 (WPV1) has been detected since 2012. Since 2014, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Nigeria remain the only countries with continuing endemic WPV1 transmission. This report describes activities conducted and progress made toward the eradicatio...

In this paper, we have proposed and analyzed a nonlinear mathematical model for the spread of Polio in a population with variable size structure including the role of vaccination. A threshold parameter, R , is found that completely determines the stability dynamics and outcome of the disease. It is found that if 1  R , the disease free equilibrium is stable and the disease dies out. However, i...

BACKGROUND Significant disparities in the incidence of polio existed during its eradication campaign in India. In 2006, Muslims, who comprise 16% of the population in affected states, comprised 70% of paralytic polio cases. This disparity was initially blamed on the Muslims and a rumor that the vaccination program was a plot to sterilize their children. Using the framework of structural violenc...

Oral polio vaccine (OPV) and Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPV) have distinct advantages and limitations. IPV does not provide mucosal immunity and introduction of IPV to mitigate consequences of circulating vaccine-derived polio virus from OPV has very limited effect on transmission and OPV campaigns are essential for interrupting wild polio virus transmission, even in developed countries with a ...

conclusions health managers in iran should continuously monitor the coverage of vaccination with at least three doses of opv in the level of over 95%, monitor the health of the helmand river water which comes from afghanistan to iran, vaccinate the immigrants and replace bivalent vaccine (bopv) with trivalent (topv) vaccine. context the wild polio virus is disrupted in all countries in the worl...

BACKGROUND A worldwide poliomyelitis eradication program was initiated in 1988; however, strains of wild poliovirus (WPV) are still endemic in some countries. Until WPV transmission is eradicated globally, importation and outbreaks of WPV are alarming possibilities. This study is the first report to document the polio immunity after 2004, when an inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) was introduced i...

Paralytic poliomyelitis has been nationally notifiable in Canada since 1924. The last case of indigenous wild paralytic poliomyelitis in Canada occurred in 1977, and Canada, along with the rest of the American Region, was formally certified as polio-free by the International Commission for the Certification of Poliomyelitis Eradication in September 1994(1). Despite the elimination of indigenous...