According to recently presented QoS architecture by 3GPP [1], a traffic conditioner may be deployed to provide conformance of the negotiated QoS in UMTS. The traffic conditioning is performed by traffic shaping or/and policing. A framework of traffic conditioning with QoS provisioning in 3G radio access network is proposed in this paper. The main idea of our traffic conditioning approach is to ...

What Hayes (2009, p. 5) highlights is the increasing use of information technology in support of surveillance and intelligence gathering in a range of policing methodologies that impact on the daily lives of an increasingly large part of the modern population. Most policing is intrusive and can infringe on individual rights and freedoms. The policing methodologies of surveillance and intelligen...

Problem-oriented policing is now a common term among police. Under the umbrella of the term, many commendable projects have been carried out — especially by street-level officers. Continued support for the concept is most likely explained, in part, by the self-evident nature of the central premise: police practices in responding to common problems that arise in the community should be informed ...

BACKGROUND Homicide contributes substantially to the burden of death in the US and remains a key contributor to the gap in white-black life expectancy. It has been hypothesized that "broken-windows" policing is associated with lower homicide rates and that physical disorder may mediate this association. However, the empiric evidence is limited and conflicting. METHODS We used pooled, cross-se...

Eusocial insects exhibit a remarkable reproductive division of labor between queens and largely sterile workers [1, 2]. Recently, it was shown that queens of diverse groups of social insects employ specific, evolutionarily conserved cuticular hydrocarbons to signal their presence and inhibit worker reproduction [3]. Workers also recognize and discriminate between eggs laid by the queen and thos...

In Britain, recent years have seen increasing criticism of police ineffectiveness, high-profileincidents of vigilantism and interest in alternatives to traditional policing. In light of thesetrends, this article first considers nineteenth-century community «self-policing», which orderedsocial relations according to a more diffuse distribution of acceptable violence. Second, itad...

When congestion occurs in VDSL networks, it will drop incoming frames because the buffer fills up frames until it overflows. In backpressure algorithm suitable for low traffic [1], it prevents buffer overflows. In backoff time in leaky bucket over traffic policing mechanism suitable for high traffic [2], Backoff time computations are wildly used in order to avoid the impact on the network perfo...

The May 2015 release of the report of the President's Task Force on 21st Century Policing highlighted a fundamental change in the issues dominating discussions about policing in America. That change has moved discussions away from a focus on what is legal or effective in crime control and toward a concern for how the actions of the police influence public trust and confidence in the police. Thi...

Since ATM networks will have to cope with a wide range of applications, some of them producing highly variable tra c, congestion control plays a crucial role for such networks. In this context, the policing function has been introduced to monitor the relevant tra c characteristics of any connection, and several policing mechanisms have been proposed in the literature. They will be called pick-u...

Safety is a concern for most urban communities; police departments bear the majority of responsibility to maintain law and order and prevent crime. Police agencies across the globe are increasingly using Online Social Network (OSN) (such as Facebook and Twitter) to acquire intelligence and connect with citizens. Developing nations like India are however, still exploring OSN for policing. We int...