Batetangnga River is one of the rivers in West Sulawesi and well known as an ecotourism area. This preliminary study was performed to reveal fish fauna River, Sulawesi. Ichthyofauna research conducted April May 2021 at two stations namely Rawa Bangun Butute’neng. During period, a total 14 species belonging 9 families were identified. No endemic found Native such Stiphodon semoni, Butis butis, G...

Free-ranging groups are frequently assorted by phenotypic characters. However, very little is known about the underlying processes that determine this structuring. In this study, we investigate the mechanisms underlying the phenotypic composition of shoals of guppies (Poecilia reticulata) in a high-predation stream in Trinidad’s Northern Mountain Range. We collected 57 entire wild shoals, which...

Prior work has demonstrated that, following a predator inspection visit of their own, guppies prefer to associate with individuals who inspected a predator most closely. Based on this work, as well as studies of social learning in the context of mate choice, we predicted that male guppies that observed but did not participate in an inspection trial would subsequently choose to associate with th...

This study was carried out to find the effects of water-soluble vitamin C and fat-soluble E on growth both guppies, Poecilia reticulata (Peters, 1860), a kind live-bearing species. The control feed did not contain vitamins E, while other 15 experimental feeds were prepared by changing amount starch, without altering chemical structure, adding (100, 500, 1000 mg/kg) (75, 150, 300 in various leve...